Update to 2.0.0 tree from current Fremantle build
[opencv] / cxcore / src / cxdatastructs.cpp
diff --git a/cxcore/src/cxdatastructs.cpp b/cxcore/src/cxdatastructs.cpp
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index b31b06f..0000000
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4009 +0,0 @@
-/*M///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//
-//  IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE DOWNLOADING, COPYING, INSTALLING OR USING.
-//
-//  By downloading, copying, installing or using the software you agree to this license.
-//  If you do not agree to this license, do not download, install,
-//  copy or use the software.
-//
-//
-//                        Intel License Agreement
-//                For Open Source Computer Vision Library
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2000, Intel Corporation, all rights reserved.
-// Third party copyrights are property of their respective owners.
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
-// are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-//
-//   * Redistribution's of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
-//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//
-//   * Redistribution's in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
-//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
-//     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-//
-//   * The name of Intel Corporation may not be used to endorse or promote products
-//     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as is" and
-// any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied
-// warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
-// In no event shall the Intel Corporation or contributors be liable for any direct,
-// indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages
-// (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services;
-// loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused
-// and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability,
-// or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of
-// the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
-//
-//M*/
-#include "_cxcore.h"
-
-#define ICV_FREE_PTR(storage)  \
-    ((schar*)(storage)->top + (storage)->block_size - (storage)->free_space)
-
-#define ICV_ALIGNED_SEQ_BLOCK_SIZE  \
-    (int)cvAlign(sizeof(CvSeqBlock), CV_STRUCT_ALIGN)
-
-CV_INLINE int
-cvAlignLeft( int size, int align )
-{
-    return size & -align;
-}
-
-#define CV_GET_LAST_ELEM( seq, block ) \
-    ((block)->data + ((block)->count - 1)*((seq)->elem_size))
-
-#define CV_SWAP_ELEMS(a,b,elem_size)  \
-{                                     \
-    int k;                            \
-    for( k = 0; k < elem_size; k++ )  \
-    {                                 \
-        char t0 = (a)[k];             \
-        char t1 = (b)[k];             \
-        (a)[k] = t1;                  \
-        (b)[k] = t0;                  \
-    }                                 \
-}
-
-#define ICV_SHIFT_TAB_MAX 32
-static const schar icvPower2ShiftTab[] =
-{
-    0, 1, -1, 2, -1, -1, -1, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 4,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 5
-};
-
-/****************************************************************************************\
-*            Functions for manipulating memory storage - list of memory blocks           *
-\****************************************************************************************/
-
-/* Initialize allocated storage: */
-static void
-icvInitMemStorage( CvMemStorage* storage, int block_size )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "icvInitMemStorage " );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( block_size <= 0 )
-        block_size = CV_STORAGE_BLOCK_SIZE;
-
-    block_size = cvAlign( block_size, CV_STRUCT_ALIGN );
-    assert( sizeof(CvMemBlock) % CV_STRUCT_ALIGN == 0 );
-
-    memset( storage, 0, sizeof( *storage ));
-    storage->signature = CV_STORAGE_MAGIC_VAL;
-    storage->block_size = block_size;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Create root memory storage: */
-CV_IMPL CvMemStorage*
-cvCreateMemStorage( int block_size )
-{
-    CvMemStorage *storage = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvCreateMemStorage" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CV_CALL( storage = (CvMemStorage *)cvAlloc( sizeof( CvMemStorage )));
-    CV_CALL( icvInitMemStorage( storage, block_size ));
-
-    __END__;
-
-    if( cvGetErrStatus() < 0 )
-        cvFree( &storage );
-
-    return storage;
-}
-
-
-/* Create child memory storage: */
-CV_IMPL CvMemStorage *
-cvCreateChildMemStorage( CvMemStorage * parent )
-{
-    CvMemStorage *storage = 0;
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvCreateChildMemStorage" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !parent )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    CV_CALL( storage = cvCreateMemStorage(parent->block_size));
-    storage->parent = parent;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    if( cvGetErrStatus() < 0 )
-        cvFree( &storage );
-
-    return storage;
-}
-
-
-/* Release all blocks of the storage (or return them to parent, if any): */
-static void
-icvDestroyMemStorage( CvMemStorage* storage )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "icvDestroyMemStorage" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    int k = 0;
-
-    CvMemBlock *block;
-    CvMemBlock *dst_top = 0;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( storage->parent )
-        dst_top = storage->parent->top;
-
-    for( block = storage->bottom; block != 0; k++ )
-    {
-        CvMemBlock *temp = block;
-
-        block = block->next;
-        if( storage->parent )
-        {
-            if( dst_top )
-            {
-                temp->prev = dst_top;
-                temp->next = dst_top->next;
-                if( temp->next )
-                    temp->next->prev = temp;
-                dst_top = dst_top->next = temp;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                dst_top = storage->parent->bottom = storage->parent->top = temp;
-                temp->prev = temp->next = 0;
-                storage->free_space = storage->block_size - sizeof( *temp );
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            cvFree( &temp );
-        }
-    }
-
-    storage->top = storage->bottom = 0;
-    storage->free_space = 0;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Release memory storage: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvReleaseMemStorage( CvMemStorage** storage )
-{
-    CvMemStorage *st;
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvReleaseMemStorage" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    st = *storage;
-    *storage = 0;
-
-    if( st )
-    {
-        CV_CALL( icvDestroyMemStorage( st ));
-        cvFree( &st );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Clears memory storage (return blocks to the parent, if any): */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvClearMemStorage( CvMemStorage * storage )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvClearMemStorage" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( storage->parent )
-    {
-        icvDestroyMemStorage( storage );
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        storage->top = storage->bottom;
-        storage->free_space = storage->bottom ? storage->block_size - sizeof(CvMemBlock) : 0;
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Moves stack pointer to next block.
-   If no blocks, allocate new one and link it to the storage: */
-static void
-icvGoNextMemBlock( CvMemStorage * storage )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "icvGoNextMemBlock" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( !storage->top || !storage->top->next )
-    {
-        CvMemBlock *block;
-
-        if( !(storage->parent) )
-        {
-            CV_CALL( block = (CvMemBlock *)cvAlloc( storage->block_size ));
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            CvMemStorage *parent = storage->parent;
-            CvMemStoragePos parent_pos;
-
-            cvSaveMemStoragePos( parent, &parent_pos );
-            CV_CALL( icvGoNextMemBlock( parent ));
-
-            block = parent->top;
-            cvRestoreMemStoragePos( parent, &parent_pos );
-
-            if( block == parent->top )  /* the single allocated block */
-            {
-                assert( parent->bottom == block );
-                parent->top = parent->bottom = 0;
-                parent->free_space = 0;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                /* cut the block from the parent's list of blocks */
-                parent->top->next = block->next;
-                if( block->next )
-                    block->next->prev = parent->top;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /* link block */
-        block->next = 0;
-        block->prev = storage->top;
-
-        if( storage->top )
-            storage->top->next = block;
-        else
-            storage->top = storage->bottom = block;
-    }
-
-    if( storage->top->next )
-        storage->top = storage->top->next;
-    storage->free_space = storage->block_size - sizeof(CvMemBlock);
-    assert( storage->free_space % CV_STRUCT_ALIGN == 0 );
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Remember memory storage position: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSaveMemStoragePos( const CvMemStorage * storage, CvMemStoragePos * pos )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSaveMemStoragePos" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage || !pos )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    pos->top = storage->top;
-    pos->free_space = storage->free_space;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Restore memory storage position: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvRestoreMemStoragePos( CvMemStorage * storage, CvMemStoragePos * pos )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvRestoreMemStoragePos" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage || !pos )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-    if( pos->free_space > storage->block_size )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize, "" );
-
-    /*
-    // this breaks icvGoNextMemBlock, so comment it off for now
-    if( storage->parent && (!pos->top || pos->top->next) )
-    {
-        CvMemBlock* save_bottom;
-        if( !pos->top )
-            save_bottom = 0;
-        else
-        {
-            save_bottom = storage->bottom;
-            storage->bottom = pos->top->next;
-            pos->top->next = 0;
-            storage->bottom->prev = 0;
-        }
-        icvDestroyMemStorage( storage );
-        storage->bottom = save_bottom;
-    }*/
-
-    storage->top = pos->top;
-    storage->free_space = pos->free_space;
-
-    if( !storage->top )
-    {
-        storage->top = storage->bottom;
-        storage->free_space = storage->top ? storage->block_size - sizeof(CvMemBlock) : 0;
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Allocate continuous buffer of the specified size in the storage: */
-CV_IMPL void*
-cvMemStorageAlloc( CvMemStorage* storage, size_t size )
-{
-    schar *ptr = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvMemStorageAlloc" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "NULL storage pointer" );
-
-    if( size > INT_MAX )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "Too large memory block is requested" );
-
-    assert( storage->free_space % CV_STRUCT_ALIGN == 0 );
-
-    if( (size_t)storage->free_space < size )
-    {
-        size_t max_free_space = cvAlignLeft(storage->block_size - sizeof(CvMemBlock), CV_STRUCT_ALIGN);
-        if( max_free_space < size )
-            CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "requested size is negative or too big" );
-
-        CV_CALL( icvGoNextMemBlock( storage ));
-    }
-
-    ptr = ICV_FREE_PTR(storage);
-    assert( (size_t)ptr % CV_STRUCT_ALIGN == 0 );
-    storage->free_space = cvAlignLeft(storage->free_space - (int)size, CV_STRUCT_ALIGN );
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL CvString
-cvMemStorageAllocString( CvMemStorage* storage, const char* ptr, int len )
-{
-    CvString str;
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvMemStorageAllocString" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    str.len = len >= 0 ? len : (int)strlen(ptr);
-    CV_CALL( str.ptr = (char*)cvMemStorageAlloc( storage, str.len + 1 ));
-    memcpy( str.ptr, ptr, str.len );
-    str.ptr[str.len] = '\0';
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return str;
-}
-
-
-/****************************************************************************************\
-*                               Sequence implementation                                  *
-\****************************************************************************************/
-
-/* Create empty sequence: */
-CV_IMPL CvSeq *
-cvCreateSeq( int seq_flags, int header_size, int elem_size, CvMemStorage * storage )
-{
-    CvSeq *seq = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvCreateSeq" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-    if( header_size < (int)sizeof( CvSeq ) || elem_size <= 0 )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize, "" );
-
-    /* allocate sequence header */
-    CV_CALL( seq = (CvSeq*)cvMemStorageAlloc( storage, header_size ));
-    memset( seq, 0, header_size );
-
-    seq->header_size = header_size;
-    seq->flags = (seq_flags & ~CV_MAGIC_MASK) | CV_SEQ_MAGIC_VAL;
-    {
-        int elemtype = CV_MAT_TYPE(seq_flags);
-        int typesize = CV_ELEM_SIZE(elemtype);
-
-        if( elemtype != CV_SEQ_ELTYPE_GENERIC &&
-            typesize != 0 && typesize != elem_size )
-            CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize,
-            "Specified element size doesn't match to the size of the specified element type "
-            "(try to use 0 for element type)" );
-    }
-    seq->elem_size = elem_size;
-    seq->storage = storage;
-
-    CV_CALL( cvSetSeqBlockSize( seq, (1 << 10)/elem_size ));
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return seq;
-}
-
-
-/* adjusts <delta_elems> field of sequence. It determines how much the sequence
-   grows if there are no free space inside the sequence buffers */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSetSeqBlockSize( CvSeq *seq, int delta_elements )
-{
-    int elem_size;
-    int useful_block_size;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSetSeqBlockSize" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq || !seq->storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-    if( delta_elements < 0 )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "" );
-
-    useful_block_size = cvAlignLeft(seq->storage->block_size - sizeof(CvMemBlock) -
-                                    sizeof(CvSeqBlock), CV_STRUCT_ALIGN);
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-
-    if( delta_elements == 0 )
-    {
-        delta_elements = (1 << 10) / elem_size;
-        delta_elements = MAX( delta_elements, 1 );
-    }
-    if( delta_elements * elem_size > useful_block_size )
-    {
-        delta_elements = useful_block_size / elem_size;
-        if( delta_elements == 0 )
-            CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "Storage block size is too small "
-                                        "to fit the sequence elements" );
-    }
-
-    seq->delta_elems = delta_elements;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Find a sequence element by its index: */
-CV_IMPL schar*
-cvGetSeqElem( const CvSeq *seq, int index )
-{
-    CvSeqBlock *block;
-    int count, total = seq->total;
-
-    if( (unsigned)index >= (unsigned)total )
-    {
-        index += index < 0 ? total : 0;
-        index -= index >= total ? total : 0;
-        if( (unsigned)index >= (unsigned)total )
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-    block = seq->first;
-    if( index + index <= total )
-    {
-        while( index >= (count = block->count) )
-        {
-            block = block->next;
-            index -= count;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        do
-        {
-            block = block->prev;
-            total -= block->count;
-        }
-        while( index < total );
-        index -= total;
-    }
-
-    return block->data + index * seq->elem_size;
-}
-
-
-/* Calculate index of a sequence element: */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvSeqElemIdx( const CvSeq* seq, const void* _element, CvSeqBlock** _block )
-{
-    const schar *element = (const schar *)_element;
-    int elem_size;
-    int id = -1;
-    CvSeqBlock *first_block;
-    CvSeqBlock *block;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqElemIdx" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq || !element )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    block = first_block = seq->first;
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-
-    for( ;; )
-    {
-        if( (unsigned)(element - block->data) < (unsigned) (block->count * elem_size) )
-        {
-            if( _block )
-                *_block = block;
-            if( elem_size <= ICV_SHIFT_TAB_MAX && (id = icvPower2ShiftTab[elem_size - 1]) >= 0 )
-                id = (int)((size_t)(element - block->data) >> id);
-            else
-                id = (int)((size_t)(element - block->data) / elem_size);
-            id += block->start_index - seq->first->start_index;
-            break;
-        }
-        block = block->next;
-        if( block == first_block )
-            break;
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return id;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL int
-cvSliceLength( CvSlice slice, const CvSeq* seq )
-{
-    int total = seq->total;
-    int length = slice.end_index - slice.start_index;
-
-    if( length != 0 )
-    {
-        if( slice.start_index < 0 )
-            slice.start_index += total;
-        if( slice.end_index <= 0 )
-            slice.end_index += total;
-
-        length = slice.end_index - slice.start_index;
-    }
-
-    if( length < 0 )
-    {
-        length += total;
-        /*if( length < 0 )
-            length += total;*/
-    }
-    else if( length > total )
-        length = total;
-
-    return length;
-}
-
-
-/* Copy all sequence elements into single continuous array: */
-CV_IMPL void*
-cvCvtSeqToArray( const CvSeq *seq, void *array, CvSlice slice )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvCvtSeqToArray" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    int elem_size, total;
-    CvSeqReader reader;
-    char *dst = (char*)array;
-
-    if( !seq || !array )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    total = cvSliceLength( slice, seq )*elem_size;
-
-    if( total == 0 )
-        EXIT;
-
-    cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader, 0 );
-    CV_CALL( cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader, slice.start_index, 0 ));
-
-    do
-    {
-        int count = (int)(reader.block_max - reader.ptr);
-        if( count > total )
-            count = total;
-
-        memcpy( dst, reader.ptr, count );
-        dst += count;
-        reader.block = reader.block->next;
-        reader.ptr = reader.block->data;
-        reader.block_max = reader.ptr + reader.block->count*elem_size;
-        total -= count;
-    }
-    while( total > 0 );
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return array;
-}
-
-
-/* Construct a sequence from an array without copying any data.
-   NB: The resultant sequence cannot grow beyond its initial size: */
-CV_IMPL CvSeq*
-cvMakeSeqHeaderForArray( int seq_flags, int header_size, int elem_size,
-                         void *array, int total, CvSeq *seq, CvSeqBlock * block )
-{
-    CvSeq* result = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvMakeSeqHeaderForArray" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( elem_size <= 0 || header_size < (int)sizeof( CvSeq ) || total < 0 )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize, "" );
-
-    if( !seq || ((!array || !block) && total > 0) )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    memset( seq, 0, header_size );
-
-    seq->header_size = header_size;
-    seq->flags = (seq_flags & ~CV_MAGIC_MASK) | CV_SEQ_MAGIC_VAL;
-    {
-        int elemtype = CV_MAT_TYPE(seq_flags);
-        int typesize = CV_ELEM_SIZE(elemtype);
-
-        if( elemtype != CV_SEQ_ELTYPE_GENERIC &&
-            typesize != 0 && typesize != elem_size )
-            CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize,
-            "Element size doesn't match to the size of predefined element type "
-            "(try to use 0 for sequence element type)" );
-    }
-    seq->elem_size = elem_size;
-    seq->total = total;
-    seq->block_max = seq->ptr = (schar *) array + total * elem_size;
-
-    if( total > 0 )
-    {
-        seq->first = block;
-        block->prev = block->next = block;
-        block->start_index = 0;
-        block->count = total;
-        block->data = (schar *) array;
-    }
-
-    result = seq;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-
-/* The function allocates space for at least one more sequence element.
-   If there are free sequence blocks (seq->free_blocks != 0)
-   they are reused, otherwise the space is allocated in the storage: */
-static void
-icvGrowSeq( CvSeq *seq, int in_front_of )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "icvGrowSeq" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeqBlock *block;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-    block = seq->free_blocks;
-
-    if( !block )
-    {
-        int elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-        int delta_elems = seq->delta_elems;
-        CvMemStorage *storage = seq->storage;
-
-        if( seq->total >= delta_elems*4 )
-            cvSetSeqBlockSize( seq, delta_elems*2 );
-
-        if( !storage )
-            CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "The sequence has NULL storage pointer" );
-
-        /* If there is a free space just after last allocated block
-           and it is big enough then enlarge the last block.
-           This can happen only if the new block is added to the end of sequence: */
-        if( (unsigned)(ICV_FREE_PTR(storage) - seq->block_max) < CV_STRUCT_ALIGN &&
-            storage->free_space >= seq->elem_size && !in_front_of )
-        {
-            int delta = storage->free_space / elem_size;
-
-            delta = MIN( delta, delta_elems ) * elem_size;
-            seq->block_max += delta;
-            storage->free_space = cvAlignLeft((int)(((schar*)storage->top + storage->block_size) -
-                                              seq->block_max), CV_STRUCT_ALIGN );
-            EXIT;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            int delta = elem_size * delta_elems + ICV_ALIGNED_SEQ_BLOCK_SIZE;
-
-            /* Try to allocate <delta_elements> elements: */
-            if( storage->free_space < delta )
-            {
-                int small_block_size = MAX(1, delta_elems/3)*elem_size +
-                                       ICV_ALIGNED_SEQ_BLOCK_SIZE;
-                /* try to allocate smaller part */
-                if( storage->free_space >= small_block_size + CV_STRUCT_ALIGN )
-                {
-                    delta = (storage->free_space - ICV_ALIGNED_SEQ_BLOCK_SIZE)/seq->elem_size;
-                    delta = delta*seq->elem_size + ICV_ALIGNED_SEQ_BLOCK_SIZE;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    CV_CALL( icvGoNextMemBlock( storage ));
-                    assert( storage->free_space >= delta );
-                }
-            }
-
-            CV_CALL( block = (CvSeqBlock*)cvMemStorageAlloc( storage, delta ));
-            block->data = (schar*)cvAlignPtr( block + 1, CV_STRUCT_ALIGN );
-            block->count = delta - ICV_ALIGNED_SEQ_BLOCK_SIZE;
-            block->prev = block->next = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        seq->free_blocks = block->next;
-    }
-
-    if( !(seq->first) )
-    {
-        seq->first = block;
-        block->prev = block->next = block;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        block->prev = seq->first->prev;
-        block->next = seq->first;
-        block->prev->next = block->next->prev = block;
-    }
-
-    /* For free blocks the <count> field means
-     * total number of bytes in the block.
-     *
-     * For used blocks it means current number
-     * of sequence elements in the block:
-     */
-    assert( block->count % seq->elem_size == 0 && block->count > 0 );
-
-    if( !in_front_of )
-    {
-        seq->ptr = block->data;
-        seq->block_max = block->data + block->count;
-        block->start_index = block == block->prev ? 0 :
-            block->prev->start_index + block->prev->count;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        int delta = block->count / seq->elem_size;
-        block->data += block->count;
-
-        if( block != block->prev )
-        {
-            assert( seq->first->start_index == 0 );
-            seq->first = block;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            seq->block_max = seq->ptr = block->data;
-        }
-
-        block->start_index = 0;
-
-        for( ;; )
-        {
-            block->start_index += delta;
-            block = block->next;
-            if( block == seq->first )
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    block->count = 0;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-/* Recycle a sequence block: */
-static void
-icvFreeSeqBlock( CvSeq *seq, int in_front_of )
-{
-    /*CV_FUNCNAME( "icvFreeSeqBlock" );*/
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeqBlock *block = seq->first;
-
-    assert( (in_front_of ? block : block->prev)->count == 0 );
-
-    if( block == block->prev )  /* single block case */
-    {
-        block->count = (int)(seq->block_max - block->data) + block->start_index * seq->elem_size;
-        block->data = seq->block_max - block->count;
-        seq->first = 0;
-        seq->ptr = seq->block_max = 0;
-        seq->total = 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if( !in_front_of )
-        {
-            block = block->prev;
-            assert( seq->ptr == block->data );
-
-            block->count = (int)(seq->block_max - seq->ptr);
-            seq->block_max = seq->ptr = block->prev->data +
-                block->prev->count * seq->elem_size;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            int delta = block->start_index;
-
-            block->count = delta * seq->elem_size;
-            block->data -= block->count;
-
-            /* Update start indices of sequence blocks: */
-            for( ;; )
-            {
-                block->start_index -= delta;
-                block = block->next;
-                if( block == seq->first )
-                    break;
-            }
-
-            seq->first = block->next;
-        }
-
-        block->prev->next = block->next;
-        block->next->prev = block->prev;
-    }
-
-    assert( block->count > 0 && block->count % seq->elem_size == 0 );
-    block->next = seq->free_blocks;
-    seq->free_blocks = block;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/****************************************************************************************\
-*                             Sequence Writer implementation                             *
-\****************************************************************************************/
-
-/* Initialize sequence writer: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvStartAppendToSeq( CvSeq *seq, CvSeqWriter * writer )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvStartAppendToSeq" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq || !writer )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    memset( writer, 0, sizeof( *writer ));
-    writer->header_size = sizeof( CvSeqWriter );
-
-    writer->seq = seq;
-    writer->block = seq->first ? seq->first->prev : 0;
-    writer->ptr = seq->ptr;
-    writer->block_max = seq->block_max;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Initialize sequence writer: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvStartWriteSeq( int seq_flags, int header_size,
-                 int elem_size, CvMemStorage * storage, CvSeqWriter * writer )
-{
-    CvSeq *seq = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvStartWriteSeq" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage || !writer )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    CV_CALL( seq = cvCreateSeq( seq_flags, header_size, elem_size, storage ));
-    cvStartAppendToSeq( seq, writer );
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Update sequence header: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvFlushSeqWriter( CvSeqWriter * writer )
-{
-    CvSeq *seq = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvFlushSeqWriter" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !writer )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    seq = writer->seq;
-    seq->ptr = writer->ptr;
-
-    if( writer->block )
-    {
-        int total = 0;
-        CvSeqBlock *first_block = writer->seq->first;
-        CvSeqBlock *block = first_block;
-
-        writer->block->count = (int)((writer->ptr - writer->block->data) / seq->elem_size);
-        assert( writer->block->count > 0 );
-
-        do
-        {
-            total += block->count;
-            block = block->next;
-        }
-        while( block != first_block );
-
-        writer->seq->total = total;
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Calls icvFlushSeqWriter and finishes writing process: */
-CV_IMPL CvSeq *
-cvEndWriteSeq( CvSeqWriter * writer )
-{
-    CvSeq *seq = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvEndWriteSeq" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !writer )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    CV_CALL( cvFlushSeqWriter( writer ));
-    seq = writer->seq;
-
-    /* Truncate the last block: */
-    if( writer->block && writer->seq->storage )
-    {
-        CvMemStorage *storage = seq->storage;
-        schar *storage_block_max = (schar *) storage->top + storage->block_size;
-
-        assert( writer->block->count > 0 );
-
-        if( (unsigned)((storage_block_max - storage->free_space)
-            - seq->block_max) < CV_STRUCT_ALIGN )
-        {
-            storage->free_space = cvAlignLeft((int)(storage_block_max - seq->ptr), CV_STRUCT_ALIGN);
-            seq->block_max = seq->ptr;
-        }
-    }
-
-    writer->ptr = 0;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return seq;
-}
-
-
-/* Create new sequence block: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvCreateSeqBlock( CvSeqWriter * writer )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvCreateSeqBlock" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeq *seq;
-
-    if( !writer || !writer->seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    seq = writer->seq;
-
-    cvFlushSeqWriter( writer );
-
-    CV_CALL( icvGrowSeq( seq, 0 ));
-
-    writer->block = seq->first->prev;
-    writer->ptr = seq->ptr;
-    writer->block_max = seq->block_max;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/****************************************************************************************\
-*                               Sequence Reader implementation                           *
-\****************************************************************************************/
-
-/* Initialize sequence reader: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvStartReadSeq( const CvSeq *seq, CvSeqReader * reader, int reverse )
-{
-    CvSeqBlock *first_block;
-    CvSeqBlock *last_block;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvStartReadSeq" );
-
-    if( reader )
-    {
-        reader->seq = 0;
-        reader->block = 0;
-        reader->ptr = reader->block_max = reader->block_min = 0;
-    }
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq || !reader )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    reader->header_size = sizeof( CvSeqReader );
-    reader->seq = (CvSeq*)seq;
-
-    first_block = seq->first;
-
-    if( first_block )
-    {
-        last_block = first_block->prev;
-        reader->ptr = first_block->data;
-        reader->prev_elem = CV_GET_LAST_ELEM( seq, last_block );
-        reader->delta_index = seq->first->start_index;
-
-        if( reverse )
-        {
-            schar *temp = reader->ptr;
-
-            reader->ptr = reader->prev_elem;
-            reader->prev_elem = temp;
-
-            reader->block = last_block;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            reader->block = first_block;
-        }
-
-        reader->block_min = reader->block->data;
-        reader->block_max = reader->block_min + reader->block->count * seq->elem_size;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        reader->delta_index = 0;
-        reader->block = 0;
-
-        reader->ptr = reader->prev_elem = reader->block_min = reader->block_max = 0;
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Change the current reading block
- * to the previous or to the next:
- */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvChangeSeqBlock( void* _reader, int direction )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvChangeSeqBlock" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeqReader* reader = (CvSeqReader*)_reader;
-
-    if( !reader )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( direction > 0 )
-    {
-        reader->block = reader->block->next;
-        reader->ptr = reader->block->data;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        reader->block = reader->block->prev;
-        reader->ptr = CV_GET_LAST_ELEM( reader->seq, reader->block );
-    }
-    reader->block_min = reader->block->data;
-    reader->block_max = reader->block_min + reader->block->count * reader->seq->elem_size;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Return the current reader position: */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvGetSeqReaderPos( CvSeqReader* reader )
-{
-    int elem_size;
-    int index = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGetSeqReaderPos" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !reader || !reader->ptr )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    elem_size = reader->seq->elem_size;
-    if( elem_size <= ICV_SHIFT_TAB_MAX && (index = icvPower2ShiftTab[elem_size - 1]) >= 0 )
-        index = (int)((reader->ptr - reader->block_min) >> index);
-    else
-        index = (int)((reader->ptr - reader->block_min) / elem_size);
-
-    index += reader->block->start_index - reader->delta_index;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return index;
-}
-
-
-/* Set reader position to given position,
- * either absolute or relative to the
- *  current one:
- */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSetSeqReaderPos( CvSeqReader* reader, int index, int is_relative )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSetSeqReaderPos" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeqBlock *block;
-    int elem_size, count, total;
-
-    if( !reader || !reader->seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    total = reader->seq->total;
-    elem_size = reader->seq->elem_size;
-
-    if( !is_relative )
-    {
-        if( index < 0 )
-        {
-            if( index < -total )
-                CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "" );
-            index += total;
-        }
-        else if( index >= total )
-        {
-            index -= total;
-            if( index >= total )
-                CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "" );
-        }
-
-        block = reader->seq->first;
-        if( index >= (count = block->count) )
-        {
-            if( index + index <= total )
-            {
-                do
-                {
-                    block = block->next;
-                    index -= count;
-                }
-                while( index >= (count = block->count) );
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                do
-                {
-                    block = block->prev;
-                    total -= block->count;
-                }
-                while( index < total );
-                index -= total;
-            }
-        }
-        reader->ptr = block->data + index * elem_size;
-        if( reader->block != block )
-        {
-            reader->block = block;
-            reader->block_min = block->data;
-            reader->block_max = block->data + block->count * elem_size;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        schar* ptr = reader->ptr;
-        index *= elem_size;
-        block = reader->block;
-
-        if( index > 0 )
-        {
-            while( ptr + index >= reader->block_max )
-            {
-                int delta = (int)(reader->block_max - ptr);
-                index -= delta;
-                reader->block = block = block->next;
-                reader->block_min = ptr = block->data;
-                reader->block_max = block->data + block->count*elem_size;
-            }
-            reader->ptr = ptr + index;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            while( ptr + index < reader->block_min )
-            {
-                int delta = (int)(ptr - reader->block_min);
-                index += delta;
-                reader->block = block = block->prev;
-                reader->block_min = block->data;
-                reader->block_max = ptr = block->data + block->count*elem_size;
-            }
-            reader->ptr = ptr + index;
-        }
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Push element onto the sequence: */
-CV_IMPL schar*
-cvSeqPush( CvSeq *seq, void *element )
-{
-    schar *ptr = 0;
-    size_t elem_size;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqPush" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    ptr = seq->ptr;
-
-    if( ptr >= seq->block_max )
-    {
-        CV_CALL( icvGrowSeq( seq, 0 ));
-
-        ptr = seq->ptr;
-        assert( ptr + elem_size <= seq->block_max /*&& ptr == seq->block_min */  );
-    }
-
-    if( element )
-        CV_MEMCPY_AUTO( ptr, element, elem_size );
-    seq->first->prev->count++;
-    seq->total++;
-    seq->ptr = ptr + elem_size;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-
-/* Pop last element off of the sequence: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSeqPop( CvSeq *seq, void *element )
-{
-    schar *ptr;
-    int elem_size;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqPop" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-    if( seq->total <= 0 )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize, "" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    seq->ptr = ptr = seq->ptr - elem_size;
-
-    if( element )
-        CV_MEMCPY_AUTO( element, ptr, elem_size );
-    seq->ptr = ptr;
-    seq->total--;
-
-    if( --(seq->first->prev->count) == 0 )
-    {
-        icvFreeSeqBlock( seq, 0 );
-        assert( seq->ptr == seq->block_max );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Push element onto the front of the sequence: */
-CV_IMPL schar*
-cvSeqPushFront( CvSeq *seq, void *element )
-{
-    schar* ptr = 0;
-    int elem_size;
-    CvSeqBlock *block;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqPushFront" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    block = seq->first;
-
-    if( !block || block->start_index == 0 )
-    {
-        CV_CALL( icvGrowSeq( seq, 1 ));
-
-        block = seq->first;
-        assert( block->start_index > 0 );
-    }
-
-    ptr = block->data -= elem_size;
-
-    if( element )
-        CV_MEMCPY_AUTO( ptr, element, elem_size );
-    block->count++;
-    block->start_index--;
-    seq->total++;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-
-/* Shift out first element of the sequence: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSeqPopFront( CvSeq *seq, void *element )
-{
-    int elem_size;
-    CvSeqBlock *block;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqPopFront" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-    if( seq->total <= 0 )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize, "" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    block = seq->first;
-
-    if( element )
-        CV_MEMCPY_AUTO( element, block->data, elem_size );
-    block->data += elem_size;
-    block->start_index++;
-    seq->total--;
-
-    if( --(block->count) == 0 )
-    {
-        icvFreeSeqBlock( seq, 1 );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-/* Insert new element in middle of sequence: */
-CV_IMPL schar*
-cvSeqInsert( CvSeq *seq, int before_index, void *element )
-{
-    int elem_size;
-    int block_size;
-    CvSeqBlock *block;
-    int delta_index;
-    int total;
-    schar* ret_ptr = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqInsert" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    total = seq->total;
-    before_index += before_index < 0 ? total : 0;
-    before_index -= before_index > total ? total : 0;
-
-    if( (unsigned)before_index > (unsigned)total )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "" );
-
-    if( before_index == total )
-    {
-        CV_CALL( ret_ptr = cvSeqPush( seq, element ));
-    }
-    else if( before_index == 0 )
-    {
-        CV_CALL( ret_ptr = cvSeqPushFront( seq, element ));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-
-        if( before_index >= total >> 1 )
-        {
-            schar *ptr = seq->ptr + elem_size;
-
-            if( ptr > seq->block_max )
-            {
-                CV_CALL( icvGrowSeq( seq, 0 ));
-
-                ptr = seq->ptr + elem_size;
-                assert( ptr <= seq->block_max );
-            }
-
-            delta_index = seq->first->start_index;
-            block = seq->first->prev;
-            block->count++;
-            block_size = (int)(ptr - block->data);
-
-            while( before_index < block->start_index - delta_index )
-            {
-                CvSeqBlock *prev_block = block->prev;
-
-                memmove( block->data + elem_size, block->data, block_size - elem_size );
-                block_size = prev_block->count * elem_size;
-                memcpy( block->data, prev_block->data + block_size - elem_size, elem_size );
-                block = prev_block;
-
-                /* Check that we don't fall into an infinite loop: */
-                assert( block != seq->first->prev );
-            }
-
-            before_index = (before_index - block->start_index + delta_index) * elem_size;
-            memmove( block->data + before_index + elem_size, block->data + before_index,
-                     block_size - before_index - elem_size );
-
-            ret_ptr = block->data + before_index;
-
-            if( element )
-                memcpy( ret_ptr, element, elem_size );
-            seq->ptr = ptr;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            block = seq->first;
-
-            if( block->start_index == 0 )
-            {
-                CV_CALL( icvGrowSeq( seq, 1 ));
-
-                block = seq->first;
-            }
-
-            delta_index = block->start_index;
-            block->count++;
-            block->start_index--;
-            block->data -= elem_size;
-
-            while( before_index > block->start_index - delta_index + block->count )
-            {
-                CvSeqBlock *next_block = block->next;
-
-                block_size = block->count * elem_size;
-                memmove( block->data, block->data + elem_size, block_size - elem_size );
-                memcpy( block->data + block_size - elem_size, next_block->data, elem_size );
-                block = next_block;
-
-                /* Check that we don't fall into an infinite loop: */
-                assert( block != seq->first );
-            }
-
-            before_index = (before_index - block->start_index + delta_index) * elem_size;
-            memmove( block->data, block->data + elem_size, before_index - elem_size );
-
-            ret_ptr = block->data + before_index - elem_size;
-
-            if( element )
-                memcpy( ret_ptr, element, elem_size );
-        }
-
-        seq->total = total + 1;
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return ret_ptr;
-}
-
-
-/* Removes element from sequence: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSeqRemove( CvSeq *seq, int index )
-{
-    schar *ptr;
-    int elem_size;
-    int block_size;
-    CvSeqBlock *block;
-    int delta_index;
-    int total, front = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqRemove" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    total = seq->total;
-
-    index += index < 0 ? total : 0;
-    index -= index >= total ? total : 0;
-
-    if( (unsigned) index >= (unsigned) total )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "Invalid index" );
-
-    if( index == total - 1 )
-    {
-        cvSeqPop( seq, 0 );
-    }
-    else if( index == 0 )
-    {
-        cvSeqPopFront( seq, 0 );
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        block = seq->first;
-        elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-        delta_index = block->start_index;
-        while( block->start_index - delta_index + block->count <= index )
-            block = block->next;
-
-        ptr = block->data + (index - block->start_index + delta_index) * elem_size;
-
-        front = index < total >> 1;
-        if( !front )
-        {
-            block_size = block->count * elem_size - (int)(ptr - block->data);
-
-            while( block != seq->first->prev )  /* while not the last block */
-            {
-                CvSeqBlock *next_block = block->next;
-
-                memmove( ptr, ptr + elem_size, block_size - elem_size );
-                memcpy( ptr + block_size - elem_size, next_block->data, elem_size );
-                block = next_block;
-                ptr = block->data;
-                block_size = block->count * elem_size;
-            }
-
-            memmove( ptr, ptr + elem_size, block_size - elem_size );
-            seq->ptr -= elem_size;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            ptr += elem_size;
-            block_size = (int)(ptr - block->data);
-
-            while( block != seq->first )
-            {
-                CvSeqBlock *prev_block = block->prev;
-
-                memmove( block->data + elem_size, block->data, block_size - elem_size );
-                block_size = prev_block->count * elem_size;
-                memcpy( block->data, prev_block->data + block_size - elem_size, elem_size );
-                block = prev_block;
-            }
-
-            memmove( block->data + elem_size, block->data, block_size - elem_size );
-            block->data += elem_size;
-            block->start_index++;
-        }
-
-        seq->total = total - 1;
-        if( --block->count == 0 )
-            icvFreeSeqBlock( seq, front );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Add several elements to the beginning or end of a sequence: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSeqPushMulti( CvSeq *seq, void *_elements, int count, int front )
-{
-    char *elements = (char *) _elements;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqPushMulti" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-    int elem_size;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "NULL sequence pointer" );
-    if( count < 0 )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize, "number of removed elements is negative" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-
-    if( !front )
-    {
-        while( count > 0 )
-        {
-            int delta = (int)((seq->block_max - seq->ptr) / elem_size);
-
-            delta = MIN( delta, count );
-            if( delta > 0 )
-            {
-                seq->first->prev->count += delta;
-                seq->total += delta;
-                count -= delta;
-                delta *= elem_size;
-                if( elements )
-                {
-                    memcpy( seq->ptr, elements, delta );
-                    elements += delta;
-                }
-                seq->ptr += delta;
-            }
-
-            if( count > 0 )
-                CV_CALL( icvGrowSeq( seq, 0 ));
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        CvSeqBlock* block = seq->first;
-
-        while( count > 0 )
-        {
-            int delta;
-
-            if( !block || block->start_index == 0 )
-            {
-                CV_CALL( icvGrowSeq( seq, 1 ));
-
-                block = seq->first;
-                assert( block->start_index > 0 );
-            }
-
-            delta = MIN( block->start_index, count );
-            count -= delta;
-            block->start_index -= delta;
-            block->count += delta;
-            seq->total += delta;
-            delta *= elem_size;
-            block->data -= delta;
-
-            if( elements )
-                memcpy( block->data, elements + count*elem_size, delta );
-        }
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Remove several elements from the end of sequence: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSeqPopMulti( CvSeq *seq, void *_elements, int count, int front )
-{
-    char *elements = (char *) _elements;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqPopMulti" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "NULL sequence pointer" );
-    if( count < 0 )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize, "number of removed elements is negative" );
-
-    count = MIN( count, seq->total );
-
-    if( !front )
-    {
-        if( elements )
-            elements += count * seq->elem_size;
-
-        while( count > 0 )
-        {
-            int delta = seq->first->prev->count;
-
-            delta = MIN( delta, count );
-            assert( delta > 0 );
-
-            seq->first->prev->count -= delta;
-            seq->total -= delta;
-            count -= delta;
-            delta *= seq->elem_size;
-            seq->ptr -= delta;
-
-            if( elements )
-            {
-                elements -= delta;
-                memcpy( elements, seq->ptr, delta );
-            }
-
-            if( seq->first->prev->count == 0 )
-                icvFreeSeqBlock( seq, 0 );
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        while( count > 0 )
-        {
-            int delta = seq->first->count;
-
-            delta = MIN( delta, count );
-            assert( delta > 0 );
-
-            seq->first->count -= delta;
-            seq->total -= delta;
-            count -= delta;
-            seq->first->start_index += delta;
-            delta *= seq->elem_size;
-
-            if( elements )
-            {
-                memcpy( elements, seq->first->data, delta );
-                elements += delta;
-            }
-
-            seq->first->data += delta;
-            if( seq->first->count == 0 )
-                icvFreeSeqBlock( seq, 1 );
-        }
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Remove all elements from a sequence: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvClearSeq( CvSeq *seq )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvClearSeq" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-    cvSeqPopMulti( seq, 0, seq->total );
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL CvSeq*
-cvSeqSlice( const CvSeq* seq, CvSlice slice, CvMemStorage* storage, int copy_data )
-{
-    CvSeq* subseq = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSeqSlice");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    int elem_size, count, length;
-    CvSeqReader reader;
-    CvSeqBlock *block, *first_block = 0, *last_block = 0;
-
-    if( !CV_IS_SEQ(seq) )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "Invalid sequence header" );
-
-    if( !storage )
-    {
-        storage = seq->storage;
-        if( !storage )
-            CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "NULL storage pointer" );
-    }
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    length = cvSliceLength( slice, seq );
-    if( slice.start_index < 0 )
-        slice.start_index += seq->total;
-    else if( slice.start_index >= seq->total )
-        slice.start_index -= seq->total;
-    if( (unsigned)length > (unsigned)seq->total ||
-        ((unsigned)slice.start_index >= (unsigned)seq->total && length != 0) )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "Bad sequence slice" );
-
-    CV_CALL( subseq = cvCreateSeq( seq->flags, seq->header_size, elem_size, storage ));
-
-    if( length > 0 )
-    {
-        cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader, 0 );
-        cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader, slice.start_index, 0 );
-        count = (int)((reader.block_max - reader.ptr)/elem_size);
-
-        do
-        {
-            int bl = MIN( count, length );
-
-            if( !copy_data )
-            {
-                block = (CvSeqBlock*)cvMemStorageAlloc( storage, sizeof(*block) );
-                if( !first_block )
-                {
-                    first_block = subseq->first = block->prev = block->next = block;
-                    block->start_index = 0;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    block->prev = last_block;
-                    block->next = first_block;
-                    last_block->next = first_block->prev = block;
-                    block->start_index = last_block->start_index + last_block->count;
-                }
-                last_block = block;
-                block->data = reader.ptr;
-                block->count = bl;
-                subseq->total += bl;
-            }
-            else
-                cvSeqPushMulti( subseq, reader.ptr, bl, 0 );
-            length -= bl;
-            reader.block = reader.block->next;
-            reader.ptr = reader.block->data;
-            count = reader.block->count;
-        }
-        while( length > 0 );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return subseq;
-}
-
-
-// Remove slice from the middle of the sequence.
-// !!! TODO !!! Implement more efficient algorithm
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSeqRemoveSlice( CvSeq* seq, CvSlice slice )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSeqRemoveSlice");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    int total, length;
-
-    if( !CV_IS_SEQ(seq) )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "Invalid sequence header" );
-
-    length = cvSliceLength( slice, seq );
-    total = seq->total;
-
-    if( slice.start_index < 0 )
-        slice.start_index += total;
-    else if( slice.start_index >= total )
-        slice.start_index -= total;
-
-    if( (unsigned)slice.start_index >= (unsigned)total )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "start slice index is out of range" );
-
-    slice.end_index = slice.start_index + length;
-
-    if( slice.end_index < total )
-    {
-        CvSeqReader reader_to, reader_from;
-        int elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-
-        cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader_to );
-        cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader_from );
-
-        if( slice.start_index > total - slice.end_index )
-        {
-            int i, count = seq->total - slice.end_index;
-            cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader_to, slice.start_index );
-            cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader_from, slice.end_index );
-
-            for( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
-            {
-                CV_MEMCPY_AUTO( reader_to.ptr, reader_from.ptr, elem_size );
-                CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_to );
-                CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_from );
-            }
-
-            cvSeqPopMulti( seq, 0, slice.end_index - slice.start_index );
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            int i, count = slice.start_index;
-            cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader_to, slice.end_index );
-            cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader_from, slice.start_index );
-
-            for( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
-            {
-                CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_to );
-                CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_from );
-
-                CV_MEMCPY_AUTO( reader_to.ptr, reader_from.ptr, elem_size );
-            }
-
-            cvSeqPopMulti( seq, 0, slice.end_index - slice.start_index, 1 );
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cvSeqPopMulti( seq, 0, total - slice.start_index );
-        cvSeqPopMulti( seq, 0, slice.end_index - total, 1 );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-// Insert a sequence into the middle of another sequence:
-// !!! TODO !!! Implement more efficient algorithm
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSeqInsertSlice( CvSeq* seq, int index, const CvArr* from_arr )
-{
-    CvSeqReader reader_to, reader_from;
-    int i, elem_size, total, from_total;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSeqInsertSlice");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeq from_header, *from = (CvSeq*)from_arr;
-    CvSeqBlock block;
-
-    if( !CV_IS_SEQ(seq) )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "Invalid destination sequence header" );
-
-    if( !CV_IS_SEQ(from))
-    {
-        CvMat* mat = (CvMat*)from;
-        if( !CV_IS_MAT(mat))
-            CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "Source is not a sequence nor matrix" );
-
-        if( !CV_IS_MAT_CONT(mat->type) || (mat->rows != 1 && mat->cols != 1) )
-            CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "The source array must be 1d coninuous vector" );
-
-        CV_CALL( from = cvMakeSeqHeaderForArray( CV_SEQ_KIND_GENERIC, sizeof(from_header),
-                                                 CV_ELEM_SIZE(mat->type),
-                                                 mat->data.ptr, mat->cols + mat->rows - 1,
-                                                 &from_header, &block ));
-    }
-
-    if( seq->elem_size != from->elem_size )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsUnmatchedSizes,
-        "Source and destination sequence element sizes are different." );
-
-    from_total = from->total;
-
-    if( from_total == 0 )
-        EXIT;
-
-    total = seq->total;
-    index += index < 0 ? total : 0;
-    index -= index > total ? total : 0;
-
-    if( (unsigned)index > (unsigned)total )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-
-    if( index < (total >> 1) )
-    {
-        cvSeqPushMulti( seq, 0, from_total, 1 );
-
-        cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader_to );
-        cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader_from );
-        cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader_from, from_total );
-
-        for( i = 0; i < index; i++ )
-        {
-            CV_MEMCPY_AUTO( reader_to.ptr, reader_from.ptr, elem_size );
-            CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_to );
-            CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_from );
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cvSeqPushMulti( seq, 0, from_total );
-
-        cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader_to );
-        cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader_from );
-        cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader_from, total );
-        cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader_to, seq->total );
-
-        for( i = 0; i < total - index; i++ )
-        {
-            CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_to );
-            CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_from );
-            CV_MEMCPY_AUTO( reader_to.ptr, reader_from.ptr, elem_size );
-        }
-    }
-
-    cvStartReadSeq( from, &reader_from );
-    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader_to, index );
-
-    for( i = 0; i < from_total; i++ )
-    {
-        CV_MEMCPY_AUTO( reader_to.ptr, reader_from.ptr, elem_size );
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_to );
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader_from );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-// Sort the sequence using user-specified comparison function.
-// The semantics is similar to qsort() function.
-// The code is based on BSD system qsort():
-//    * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
-//    *  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-//    *
-//    * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-//    * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-//    * are met:
-//    * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-//    *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//    * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-//    *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-//    *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-//    * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-//    *    must display the following acknowledgement:
-//    *  This product includes software developed by the University of
-//    *  California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-//    * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-//    *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-//    *    without specific prior written permission.
-//    *
-//    * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-//    * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-//    * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-//    * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-//    * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-//    * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-//    * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-//    * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-//    * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-//    * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-//    * SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-typedef struct CvSeqReaderPos
-{
-    CvSeqBlock* block;
-    schar* ptr;
-    schar* block_min;
-    schar* block_max;
-}
-CvSeqReaderPos;
-
-#define CV_SAVE_READER_POS( reader, pos )   \
-{                                           \
-    (pos).block = (reader).block;           \
-    (pos).ptr = (reader).ptr;               \
-    (pos).block_min = (reader).block_min;   \
-    (pos).block_max = (reader).block_max;   \
-}
-
-#define CV_RESTORE_READER_POS( reader, pos )\
-{                                           \
-    (reader).block = (pos).block;           \
-    (reader).ptr = (pos).ptr;               \
-    (reader).block_min = (pos).block_min;   \
-    (reader).block_max = (pos).block_max;   \
-}
-
-inline schar*
-icvMed3( schar* a, schar* b, schar* c, CvCmpFunc cmp_func, void* aux )
-{
-    return cmp_func(a, b, aux) < 0 ?
-      (cmp_func(b, c, aux) < 0 ? b : cmp_func(a, c, aux) < 0 ? c : a)
-     :(cmp_func(b, c, aux) > 0 ? b : cmp_func(a, c, aux) < 0 ? a : c);
-}
-
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSeqSort( CvSeq* seq, CvCmpFunc cmp_func, void* aux )
-{
-    int elem_size;
-    int isort_thresh = 7;
-    CvSeqReader left, right;
-    int sp = 0;
-
-    struct
-    {
-        CvSeqReaderPos lb;
-        CvSeqReaderPos ub;
-    }
-    stack[48];
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqSort" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !CV_IS_SEQ(seq) )
-        CV_ERROR( !seq ? CV_StsNullPtr : CV_StsBadArg, "Bad input sequence" );
-
-    if( !cmp_func )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "Null compare function" );
-
-    if( seq->total <= 1 )
-        EXIT;
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    isort_thresh *= elem_size;
-
-    cvStartReadSeq( seq, &left, 0 );
-    right = left;
-    CV_SAVE_READER_POS( left, stack[0].lb );
-    CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, right );
-    CV_SAVE_READER_POS( right, stack[0].ub );
-
-    while( sp >= 0 )
-    {
-        CV_RESTORE_READER_POS( left, stack[sp].lb );
-        CV_RESTORE_READER_POS( right, stack[sp].ub );
-        sp--;
-
-        for(;;)
-        {
-            int i, n, m;
-            CvSeqReader ptr, ptr2;
-
-            if( left.block == right.block )
-                n = (int)(right.ptr - left.ptr) + elem_size;
-            else
-            {
-                n = cvGetSeqReaderPos( &right );
-                n = (n - cvGetSeqReaderPos( &left ) + 1)*elem_size;
-            }
-
-            if( n <= isort_thresh )
-            {
-            insert_sort:
-                ptr = ptr2 = left;
-                CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, ptr );
-                CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, right );
-                while( ptr.ptr != right.ptr )
-                {
-                    ptr2.ptr = ptr.ptr;
-                    if( ptr2.block != ptr.block )
-                    {
-                        ptr2.block = ptr.block;
-                        ptr2.block_min = ptr.block_min;
-                        ptr2.block_max = ptr.block_max;
-                    }
-                    while( ptr2.ptr != left.ptr )
-                    {
-                        schar* cur = ptr2.ptr;
-                        CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, ptr2 );
-                        if( cmp_func( ptr2.ptr, cur, aux ) <= 0 )
-                            break;
-                        CV_SWAP_ELEMS( ptr2.ptr, cur, elem_size );
-                    }
-                    CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, ptr );
-                }
-                break;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                CvSeqReader left0, left1, right0, right1;
-                CvSeqReader tmp0, tmp1;
-                schar *m1, *m2, *m3, *pivot;
-                int swap_cnt = 0;
-                int l, l0, l1, r, r0, r1;
-
-                left0 = tmp0 = left;
-                right0 = right1 = right;
-                n /= elem_size;
-
-                if( n > 40 )
-                {
-                    int d = n / 8;
-                    schar *p1, *p2, *p3;
-                    p1 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, d, 1 );
-                    p2 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, d, 1 );
-                    p3 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    m1 = icvMed3( p1, p2, p3, cmp_func, aux );
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, (n/2) - d*3, 1 );
-                    p1 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, d, 1 );
-                    p2 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, d, 1 );
-                    p3 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    m2 = icvMed3( p1, p2, p3, cmp_func, aux );
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, n - 1 - d*3 - n/2, 1 );
-                    p1 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, d, 1 );
-                    p2 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, d, 1 );
-                    p3 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    m3 = icvMed3( p1, p2, p3, cmp_func, aux );
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    m1 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, n/2, 1 );
-                    m2 = tmp0.ptr;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp0, n - 1 - n/2, 1 );
-                    m3 = tmp0.ptr;
-                }
-
-                pivot = icvMed3( m1, m2, m3, cmp_func, aux );
-                left = left0;
-                if( pivot != left.ptr )
-                {
-                    CV_SWAP_ELEMS( pivot, left.ptr, elem_size );
-                    pivot = left.ptr;
-                }
-                CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, left );
-                left1 = left;
-
-                for(;;)
-                {
-                    while( left.ptr != right.ptr && (r = cmp_func(left.ptr, pivot, aux)) <= 0 )
-                    {
-                        if( r == 0 )
-                        {
-                            if( left1.ptr != left.ptr )
-                                CV_SWAP_ELEMS( left1.ptr, left.ptr, elem_size );
-                            swap_cnt = 1;
-                            CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, left1 );
-                        }
-                        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, left );
-                    }
-
-                    while( left.ptr != right.ptr && (r = cmp_func(right.ptr,pivot, aux)) >= 0 )
-                    {
-                        if( r == 0 )
-                        {
-                            if( right1.ptr != right.ptr )
-                                CV_SWAP_ELEMS( right1.ptr, right.ptr, elem_size );
-                            swap_cnt = 1;
-                            CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, right1 );
-                        }
-                        CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, right );
-                    }
-
-                    if( left.ptr == right.ptr )
-                    {
-                        r = cmp_func(left.ptr, pivot, aux);
-                        if( r == 0 )
-                        {
-                            if( left1.ptr != left.ptr )
-                                CV_SWAP_ELEMS( left1.ptr, left.ptr, elem_size );
-                            swap_cnt = 1;
-                            CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, left1 );
-                        }
-                        if( r <= 0 )
-                        {
-                            CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, left );
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, right );
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    CV_SWAP_ELEMS( left.ptr, right.ptr, elem_size );
-                    CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, left );
-                    r = left.ptr == right.ptr;
-                    CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, right );
-                    swap_cnt = 1;
-                    if( r )
-                        break;
-                }
-
-                if( swap_cnt == 0 )
-                {
-                    left = left0, right = right0;
-                    goto insert_sort;
-                }
-
-                l = cvGetSeqReaderPos( &left );
-                if( l == 0 )
-                    l = seq->total;
-                l0 = cvGetSeqReaderPos( &left0 );
-                l1 = cvGetSeqReaderPos( &left1 );
-                if( l1 == 0 )
-                    l1 = seq->total;
-
-                n = MIN( l - l1, l1 - l0 );
-                if( n > 0 )
-                {
-                    tmp0 = left0;
-                    tmp1 = left;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp1, 0-n, 1 );
-                    for( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
-                    {
-                        CV_SWAP_ELEMS( tmp0.ptr, tmp1.ptr, elem_size );
-                        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, tmp0 );
-                        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, tmp1 );
-                    }
-                }
-
-                r = cvGetSeqReaderPos( &right );
-                r0 = cvGetSeqReaderPos( &right0 );
-                r1 = cvGetSeqReaderPos( &right1 );
-                m = MIN( r0 - r1, r1 - r );
-                if( m > 0 )
-                {
-                    tmp0 = left;
-                    tmp1 = right0;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &tmp1, 1-m, 1 );
-                    for( i = 0; i < m; i++ )
-                    {
-                        CV_SWAP_ELEMS( tmp0.ptr, tmp1.ptr, elem_size );
-                        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, tmp0 );
-                        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, tmp1 );
-                    }
-                }
-
-                n = l - l1;
-                m = r1 - r;
-                if( n > 1 )
-                {
-                    if( m > 1 )
-                    {
-                        if( n > m )
-                        {
-                            sp++;
-                            CV_SAVE_READER_POS( left0, stack[sp].lb );
-                            cvSetSeqReaderPos( &left0, n - 1, 1 );
-                            CV_SAVE_READER_POS( left0, stack[sp].ub );
-                            left = right = right0;
-                            cvSetSeqReaderPos( &left, 1 - m, 1 );
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            sp++;
-                            CV_SAVE_READER_POS( right0, stack[sp].ub );
-                            cvSetSeqReaderPos( &right0, 1 - m, 1 );
-                            CV_SAVE_READER_POS( right0, stack[sp].lb );
-                            left = right = left0;
-                            cvSetSeqReaderPos( &right, n - 1, 1 );
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        left = right = left0;
-                        cvSetSeqReaderPos( &right, n - 1, 1 );
-                    }
-                }
-                else if( m > 1 )
-                {
-                    left = right = right0;
-                    cvSetSeqReaderPos( &left, 1 - m, 1 );
-                }
-                else
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL schar*
-cvSeqSearch( CvSeq* seq, const void* _elem, CvCmpFunc cmp_func,
-             int is_sorted, int* _idx, void* userdata )
-{
-    schar* result = 0;
-    const schar* elem = (const schar*)_elem;
-    int idx = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSeqSearch");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    int elem_size, i, j, total;
-
-    if( !CV_IS_SEQ(seq) )
-        CV_ERROR( !seq ? CV_StsNullPtr : CV_StsBadArg, "Bad input sequence" );
-
-    if( !elem )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "Null element pointer" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    total = seq->total;
-
-    if( total == 0 )
-        EXIT;
-
-    if( !is_sorted )
-    {
-        CvSeqReader reader;
-        cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader, 0 );
-
-        if( cmp_func )
-        {
-            for( i = 0; i < total; i++ )
-            {
-                if( cmp_func( elem, reader.ptr, userdata ) == 0 )
-                    break;
-                CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader );
-            }
-        }
-        else if( (elem_size & (sizeof(int)-1)) == 0 )
-        {
-            for( i = 0; i < total; i++ )
-            {
-                for( j = 0; j < elem_size; j += sizeof(int) )
-                {
-                    if( *(const int*)(reader.ptr + j) != *(const int*)(elem + j) )
-                        break;
-                }
-                if( j == elem_size )
-                    break;
-                CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader );
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            for( i = 0; i < total; i++ )
-            {
-                for( j = 0; j < elem_size; j++ )
-                {
-                    if( reader.ptr[j] != elem[j] )
-                        break;
-                }
-                if( j == elem_size )
-                    break;
-                CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader );
-            }
-        }
-
-        idx = i;
-        if( i < total )
-            result = reader.ptr;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if( !cmp_func )
-            CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "Null compare function" );
-
-        i = 0, j = total;
-
-        while( j > i )
-        {
-            int k = (i+j)>>1, code;
-            schar* ptr = cvGetSeqElem( seq, k );
-            code = cmp_func( elem, ptr, userdata );
-            if( !code )
-            {
-                result = ptr;
-                idx = k;
-                EXIT;
-            }
-            if( code < 0 )
-                j = k;
-            else
-                i = k+1;
-        }
-        idx = j;
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    if( _idx )
-        *_idx = idx;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSeqInvert( CvSeq* seq )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqInvert" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeqReader left_reader, right_reader;
-    int elem_size;
-    int i, count;
-
-    CV_CALL( cvStartReadSeq( seq, &left_reader, 0 ));
-    CV_CALL( cvStartReadSeq( seq, &right_reader, 1 ));
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    count = seq->total >> 1;
-
-    for( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
-    {
-        CV_SWAP_ELEMS( left_reader.ptr, right_reader.ptr, elem_size );
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, left_reader );
-        CV_PREV_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, right_reader );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-typedef struct CvPTreeNode
-{
-    struct CvPTreeNode* parent;
-    schar* element;
-    int rank;
-}
-CvPTreeNode;
-
-
-// This function splits the input sequence or set into one or more equivalence classes.
-// is_equal(a,b,...) returns non-zero if the two sequence elements
-// belong to the same class.  The function returns sequence of integers -
-// 0-based class indexes for each element.
-//
-// The algorithm is described in "Introduction to Algorithms"
-// by Cormen, Leiserson and Rivest, chapter "Data structures for disjoint sets"
-CV_IMPL  int
-cvSeqPartition( const CvSeq* seq, CvMemStorage* storage, CvSeq** labels,
-                CvCmpFunc is_equal, void* userdata )
-{
-    CvSeq* result = 0;
-    CvMemStorage* temp_storage = 0;
-    int class_idx = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSeqPartition" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeqWriter writer;
-    CvSeqReader reader, reader0;
-    CvSeq* nodes;
-    int i, j;
-    int is_set;
-
-    if( !labels )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( !seq || !is_equal )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( !storage )
-        storage = seq->storage;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    is_set = CV_IS_SET(seq);
-
-    temp_storage = cvCreateChildMemStorage( storage );
-
-    nodes = cvCreateSeq( 0, sizeof(CvSeq), sizeof(CvPTreeNode), temp_storage );
-
-    cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader );
-    memset( &writer, 0, sizeof(writer));
-    cvStartAppendToSeq( nodes, &writer );
-
-    // Initial O(N) pass. Make a forest of single-vertex trees.
-    for( i = 0; i < seq->total; i++ )
-    {
-        CvPTreeNode node = { 0, 0, 0 };
-        if( !is_set || CV_IS_SET_ELEM( reader.ptr ))
-            node.element = reader.ptr;
-        CV_WRITE_SEQ_ELEM( node, writer );
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( seq->elem_size, reader );
-    }
-
-    cvEndWriteSeq( &writer );
-
-    // Because in the next loop we will iterate
-    // through all the sequence nodes each time,
-    // we do not need to initialize reader every time:
-    cvStartReadSeq( nodes, &reader );
-    cvStartReadSeq( nodes, &reader0 );
-
-    // The main O(N^2) pass. Merge connected components.
-    for( i = 0; i < nodes->total; i++ )
-    {
-        CvPTreeNode* node = (CvPTreeNode*)(reader0.ptr);
-        CvPTreeNode* root = node;
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( nodes->elem_size, reader0 );
-
-        if( !node->element )
-            continue;
-
-        // find root
-        while( root->parent )
-            root = root->parent;
-
-        for( j = 0; j < nodes->total; j++ )
-        {
-            CvPTreeNode* node2 = (CvPTreeNode*)reader.ptr;
-
-            if( node2->element && node2 != node &&
-                is_equal( node->element, node2->element, userdata ))
-            {
-                CvPTreeNode* root2 = node2;
-
-                // unite both trees
-                while( root2->parent )
-                    root2 = root2->parent;
-
-                if( root2 != root )
-                {
-                    if( root->rank > root2->rank )
-                        root2->parent = root;
-                    else
-                    {
-                        root->parent = root2;
-                        root2->rank += root->rank == root2->rank;
-                        root = root2;
-                    }
-                    assert( root->parent == 0 );
-
-                    // Compress path from node2 to the root:
-                    while( node2->parent )
-                    {
-                        CvPTreeNode* temp = node2;
-                        node2 = node2->parent;
-                        temp->parent = root;
-                    }
-
-                    // Compress path from node to the root:
-                    node2 = node;
-                    while( node2->parent )
-                    {
-                        CvPTreeNode* temp = node2;
-                        node2 = node2->parent;
-                        temp->parent = root;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( sizeof(*node), reader );
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Final O(N) pass (Enumerate classes)
-    // Reuse reader one more time
-    result = cvCreateSeq( 0, sizeof(CvSeq), sizeof(int), storage );
-    cvStartAppendToSeq( result, &writer );
-
-    for( i = 0; i < nodes->total; i++ )
-    {
-        CvPTreeNode* node = (CvPTreeNode*)reader.ptr;
-        int idx = -1;
-
-        if( node->element )
-        {
-            while( node->parent )
-                node = node->parent;
-            if( node->rank >= 0 )
-                node->rank = ~class_idx++;
-            idx = ~node->rank;
-        }
-
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( sizeof(*node), reader );
-        CV_WRITE_SEQ_ELEM( idx, writer );
-    }
-
-    cvEndWriteSeq( &writer );
-
-    __END__;
-
-    if( labels )
-        *labels = result;
-
-    cvReleaseMemStorage( &temp_storage );
-    return class_idx;
-}
-
-
-/****************************************************************************************\
-*                                      Set implementation                                *
-\****************************************************************************************/
-
-/* Creates empty set: */
-CV_IMPL CvSet*
-cvCreateSet( int set_flags, int header_size, int elem_size, CvMemStorage * storage )
-{
-    CvSet *set = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvCreateSet" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-    if( header_size < (int)sizeof( CvSet ) ||
-        elem_size < (int)sizeof(void*)*2 ||
-        (elem_size & (sizeof(void*)-1)) != 0 )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize, "" );
-
-    set = (CvSet*) cvCreateSeq( set_flags, header_size, elem_size, storage );
-    set->flags = (set->flags & ~CV_MAGIC_MASK) | CV_SET_MAGIC_VAL;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return set;
-}
-
-
-/* Add new element to the set: */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvSetAdd( CvSet* set, CvSetElem* element, CvSetElem** inserted_element )
-{
-    int id = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSetAdd" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSetElem *free_elem;
-
-    if( !set )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( !(set->free_elems) )
-    {
-        int count = set->total;
-        int elem_size = set->elem_size;
-        schar *ptr;
-        CV_CALL( icvGrowSeq( (CvSeq *) set, 0 ));
-
-        set->free_elems = (CvSetElem*) (ptr = set->ptr);
-        for( ; ptr + elem_size <= set->block_max; ptr += elem_size, count++ )
-        {
-            ((CvSetElem*)ptr)->flags = count | CV_SET_ELEM_FREE_FLAG;
-            ((CvSetElem*)ptr)->next_free = (CvSetElem*)(ptr + elem_size);
-        }
-        assert( count <= CV_SET_ELEM_IDX_MASK+1 );
-        ((CvSetElem*)(ptr - elem_size))->next_free = 0;
-        set->first->prev->count += count - set->total;
-        set->total = count;
-        set->ptr = set->block_max;
-    }
-
-    free_elem = set->free_elems;
-    set->free_elems = free_elem->next_free;
-
-    id = free_elem->flags & CV_SET_ELEM_IDX_MASK;
-    if( element )
-        CV_MEMCPY_INT( free_elem, element, (size_t)set->elem_size/sizeof(int) );
-
-    free_elem->flags = id;
-    set->active_count++;
-
-    if( inserted_element )
-        *inserted_element = free_elem;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return id;
-}
-
-
-/* Remove element from a set given element index: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvSetRemove( CvSet* set, int index )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvSetRemove" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSetElem* elem = cvGetSetElem( set, index );
-    if( elem )
-        cvSetRemoveByPtr( set, elem );
-    else if( !set )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Remove all elements from a set: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvClearSet( CvSet* set )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvClearSet" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CV_CALL( cvClearSeq( (CvSeq*)set ));
-    set->free_elems = 0;
-    set->active_count = 0;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/****************************************************************************************\
-*                                 Graph  implementation                                  *
-\****************************************************************************************/
-
-/* Create a new graph: */
-CV_IMPL CvGraph *
-cvCreateGraph( int graph_type, int header_size,
-               int vtx_size, int edge_size, CvMemStorage * storage )
-{
-    CvGraph *graph = 0;
-    CvSet *edges = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvCleateGraph" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSet *vertices = 0;
-
-    if( header_size < (int) sizeof( CvGraph     )
-    ||  edge_size   < (int) sizeof( CvGraphEdge )
-    ||  vtx_size    < (int) sizeof( CvGraphVtx  )
-    ){
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadSize, "" );
-    }
-
-    CV_CALL( vertices = cvCreateSet( graph_type, header_size, vtx_size, storage ));
-    CV_CALL( edges = cvCreateSet( CV_SEQ_KIND_GENERIC | CV_SEQ_ELTYPE_GRAPH_EDGE,
-                                  sizeof( CvSet ), edge_size, storage ));
-
-    graph = (CvGraph*)vertices;
-    graph->edges = edges;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return graph;
-}
-
-
-/* Remove all vertices and edges from a graph: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvClearGraph( CvGraph * graph )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvClearGraph" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    cvClearSet( graph->edges );
-    cvClearSet( (CvSet*)graph );
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Add a vertex to a graph: */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvGraphAddVtx( CvGraph* graph, const CvGraphVtx* _vertex, CvGraphVtx** _inserted_vertex )
-{
-    CvGraphVtx *vertex = 0;
-    int index = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGraphAddVtx" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    vertex = (CvGraphVtx*)cvSetNew((CvSet*)graph);
-    if( vertex )
-    {
-        if( _vertex )
-            CV_MEMCPY_INT( vertex + 1, _vertex + 1,
-                (size_t)(graph->elem_size - sizeof(CvGraphVtx))/sizeof(int) );
-        vertex->first = 0;
-        index = vertex->flags;
-    }
-
-    if( _inserted_vertex )
-        *_inserted_vertex = vertex;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return index;
-}
-
-
-/* Remove a vertex from the graph together with its incident edges: */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvGraphRemoveVtxByPtr( CvGraph* graph, CvGraphVtx* vtx )
-{
-    int count = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGraphRemoveVtxByPtr" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph || !vtx )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( !CV_IS_SET_ELEM(vtx))
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "The vertex does not belong to the graph" );
-
-    count = graph->edges->active_count;
-    for( ;; )
-    {
-        CvGraphEdge *edge = vtx->first;
-        if( !edge )
-            break;
-        cvGraphRemoveEdgeByPtr( graph, edge->vtx[0], edge->vtx[1] );
-    }
-    count -= graph->edges->active_count;
-    cvSetRemoveByPtr( (CvSet*)graph, vtx );
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return count;
-}
-
-
-/* Remove a vertex from the graph together with its incident edges: */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvGraphRemoveVtx( CvGraph* graph, int index )
-{
-    int count = -1;
-    CvGraphVtx *vtx = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGraphRemoveVtx" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    vtx = cvGetGraphVtx( graph, index );
-    if( !vtx )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "The vertex is not found" );
-
-    count = graph->edges->active_count;
-    for( ;; )
-    {
-        CvGraphEdge *edge = vtx->first;
-        count++;
-
-        if( !edge )
-            break;
-        cvGraphRemoveEdgeByPtr( graph, edge->vtx[0], edge->vtx[1] );
-    }
-    count -= graph->edges->active_count;
-    cvSetRemoveByPtr( (CvSet*)graph, vtx );
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return count;
-}
-
-
-/* Find a graph edge given pointers to the ending vertices: */
-CV_IMPL CvGraphEdge*
-cvFindGraphEdgeByPtr( const CvGraph* graph,
-                      const CvGraphVtx* start_vtx,
-                      const CvGraphVtx* end_vtx )
-{
-    CvGraphEdge *edge = 0;
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvFindGraphEdgeByPtr" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    int ofs = 0;
-
-    if( !graph || !start_vtx || !end_vtx )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( start_vtx == end_vtx )
-        EXIT;
-
-    if( !CV_IS_GRAPH_ORIENTED( graph ) &&
-        (start_vtx->flags & CV_SET_ELEM_IDX_MASK) > (end_vtx->flags & CV_SET_ELEM_IDX_MASK) )
-    {
-        const CvGraphVtx* t;
-        CV_SWAP( start_vtx, end_vtx, t );
-    }
-
-    edge = start_vtx->first;
-    for( ; edge; edge = edge->next[ofs] )
-    {
-        ofs = start_vtx == edge->vtx[1];
-        assert( ofs == 1 || start_vtx == edge->vtx[0] );
-        if( edge->vtx[1] == end_vtx )
-            break;
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return edge;
-}
-
-
-/* Find an edge in the graph given indices of the ending vertices: */
-CV_IMPL CvGraphEdge *
-cvFindGraphEdge( const CvGraph* graph, int start_idx, int end_idx )
-{
-    CvGraphEdge *edge = 0;
-    CvGraphVtx *start_vtx;
-    CvGraphVtx *end_vtx;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvFindGraphEdge" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "graph pointer is NULL" );
-
-    start_vtx = cvGetGraphVtx( graph, start_idx );
-    end_vtx = cvGetGraphVtx( graph, end_idx );
-
-    edge = cvFindGraphEdgeByPtr( graph, start_vtx, end_vtx );
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return edge;
-}
-
-
-/* Given two vertices, return the edge
- * connecting them, creating it if it
- * did not already exist:
- */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvGraphAddEdgeByPtr( CvGraph* graph,
-                     CvGraphVtx* start_vtx, CvGraphVtx* end_vtx,
-                     const CvGraphEdge* _edge,
-                     CvGraphEdge ** _inserted_edge )
-{
-    CvGraphEdge *edge = 0;
-    int result = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGraphAddEdgeByPtr" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    int delta;
-
-    if( !graph )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "graph pointer is NULL" );
-
-    if( !CV_IS_GRAPH_ORIENTED( graph ) &&
-        (start_vtx->flags & CV_SET_ELEM_IDX_MASK) > (end_vtx->flags & CV_SET_ELEM_IDX_MASK) )
-    {
-        CvGraphVtx* t;
-        CV_SWAP( start_vtx, end_vtx, t );
-    }
-
-    CV_CALL( edge = cvFindGraphEdgeByPtr( graph, start_vtx, end_vtx ));
-    if( edge )
-    {
-        result = 0;
-        EXIT;
-    }
-
-    if( start_vtx == end_vtx )
-        CV_ERROR( start_vtx ? CV_StsBadArg : CV_StsNullPtr,
-        "vertex pointers coinside (or set to NULL)" );
-
-    CV_CALL( edge = (CvGraphEdge*)cvSetNew( (CvSet*)(graph->edges) ));
-    assert( edge->flags >= 0 );
-
-    edge->vtx[0] = start_vtx;
-    edge->vtx[1] = end_vtx;
-    edge->next[0] = start_vtx->first;
-    edge->next[1] = end_vtx->first;
-    start_vtx->first = end_vtx->first = edge;
-
-    delta = (graph->edges->elem_size - sizeof(*edge))/sizeof(int);
-    if( _edge )
-    {
-        if( delta > 0 )
-            CV_MEMCPY_INT( edge + 1, _edge + 1, delta );
-        edge->weight = _edge->weight;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if( delta > 0 )
-            CV_ZERO_INT( edge + 1, delta );
-        edge->weight = 1.f;
-    }
-
-    result = 1;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    if( _inserted_edge )
-        *_inserted_edge = edge;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/* Given two vertices, return the edge
- * connecting them, creating it if it
- * did not already exist:
- */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvGraphAddEdge( CvGraph* graph,
-                int start_idx, int end_idx,
-                const CvGraphEdge* _edge,
-                CvGraphEdge ** _inserted_edge )
-{
-    CvGraphVtx *start_vtx;
-    CvGraphVtx *end_vtx;
-    int result = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGraphAddEdge" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    start_vtx = cvGetGraphVtx( graph, start_idx );
-    end_vtx = cvGetGraphVtx( graph, end_idx );
-
-    result = cvGraphAddEdgeByPtr( graph, start_vtx, end_vtx, _edge, _inserted_edge );
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-
-/* Remove the graph edge connecting two given vertices: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvGraphRemoveEdgeByPtr( CvGraph* graph, CvGraphVtx* start_vtx, CvGraphVtx* end_vtx )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGraphRemoveEdgeByPtr" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    int ofs, prev_ofs;
-    CvGraphEdge *edge, *next_edge, *prev_edge;
-
-    if( !graph || !start_vtx || !end_vtx )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( start_vtx == end_vtx )
-        EXIT;
-
-    if( !CV_IS_GRAPH_ORIENTED( graph ) &&
-        (start_vtx->flags & CV_SET_ELEM_IDX_MASK) > (end_vtx->flags & CV_SET_ELEM_IDX_MASK) )
-    {
-        CvGraphVtx* t;
-        CV_SWAP( start_vtx, end_vtx, t );
-    }
-
-    for( ofs = prev_ofs = 0, prev_edge = 0, edge = start_vtx->first; edge != 0;
-         prev_ofs = ofs, prev_edge = edge, edge = edge->next[ofs] )
-    {
-        ofs = start_vtx == edge->vtx[1];
-        assert( ofs == 1 || start_vtx == edge->vtx[0] );
-        if( edge->vtx[1] == end_vtx )
-            break;
-    }
-
-    if( !edge )
-        EXIT;
-
-    next_edge = edge->next[ofs];
-    if( prev_edge )
-        prev_edge->next[prev_ofs] = next_edge;
-    else
-        start_vtx->first = next_edge;
-
-    for( ofs = prev_ofs = 0, prev_edge = 0, edge = end_vtx->first; edge != 0;
-         prev_ofs = ofs, prev_edge = edge, edge = edge->next[ofs] )
-    {
-        ofs = end_vtx == edge->vtx[1];
-        assert( ofs == 1 || end_vtx == edge->vtx[0] );
-        if( edge->vtx[0] == start_vtx )
-            break;
-    }
-
-    assert( edge != 0 );
-
-    next_edge = edge->next[ofs];
-    if( prev_edge )
-        prev_edge->next[prev_ofs] = next_edge;
-    else
-        end_vtx->first = next_edge;
-
-    cvSetRemoveByPtr( graph->edges, edge );
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Remove the graph edge connecting two given vertices: */
-CV_IMPL void
-cvGraphRemoveEdge( CvGraph* graph, int start_idx, int end_idx )
-{
-    CvGraphVtx *start_vtx;
-    CvGraphVtx *end_vtx;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGraphRemoveEdge" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    start_vtx = cvGetGraphVtx( graph, start_idx );
-    end_vtx = cvGetGraphVtx( graph, end_idx );
-
-    cvGraphRemoveEdgeByPtr( graph, start_vtx, end_vtx );
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-/* Count number of edges incident to a given vertex: */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvGraphVtxDegreeByPtr( const CvGraph* graph, const CvGraphVtx* vertex )
-{
-    CvGraphEdge *edge;
-    int count = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGraphVtxDegreeByPtr" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph || !vertex )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    for( edge = vertex->first, count = 0; edge; )
-    {
-        count++;
-        edge = CV_NEXT_GRAPH_EDGE( edge, vertex );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return count;
-}
-
-
-/* Count number of edges incident to a given vertex: */
-CV_IMPL int
-cvGraphVtxDegree( const CvGraph* graph, int vtx_idx )
-{
-    CvGraphVtx *vertex;
-    CvGraphEdge *edge;
-    int count = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvGraphVtxDegree" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    vertex = cvGetGraphVtx( graph, vtx_idx );
-    if( !vertex )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsObjectNotFound, "" );
-
-    for( edge = vertex->first, count = 0; edge; )
-    {
-        count++;
-        edge = CV_NEXT_GRAPH_EDGE( edge, vertex );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return count;
-}
-
-
-typedef struct CvGraphItem
-{
-    CvGraphVtx* vtx;
-    CvGraphEdge* edge;
-}
-CvGraphItem;
-
-
-static  void
-icvSeqElemsClearFlags( CvSeq* seq, int offset, int clear_mask )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME("icvStartScanGraph");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeqReader reader;
-    int i, total, elem_size;
-
-    if( !seq )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    total = seq->total;
-
-    if( (unsigned)offset > (unsigned)elem_size )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "" );
-
-    CV_CALL( cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader ));
-
-    for( i = 0; i < total; i++ )
-    {
-        int* flag_ptr = (int*)(reader.ptr + offset);
-        *flag_ptr &= ~clear_mask;
-
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-static  schar*
-icvSeqFindNextElem( CvSeq* seq, int offset, int mask,
-                    int value, int* start_index )
-{
-    schar* elem_ptr = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME("icvStartScanGraph");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvSeqReader reader;
-    int total, elem_size, index;
-
-    if( !seq || !start_index )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    elem_size = seq->elem_size;
-    total = seq->total;
-    index = *start_index;
-
-    if( (unsigned)offset > (unsigned)elem_size )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "" );
-
-    if( total == 0 )
-        EXIT;
-
-    if( (unsigned)index >= (unsigned)total )
-    {
-        index %= total;
-        index += index < 0 ? total : 0;
-    }
-
-    CV_CALL( cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader ));
-
-    if( index != 0 )
-        CV_CALL( cvSetSeqReaderPos( &reader, index ));
-
-    for( index = 0; index < total; index++ )
-    {
-        int* flag_ptr = (int*)(reader.ptr + offset);
-        if( (*flag_ptr & mask) == value )
-            break;
-
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( elem_size, reader );
-    }
-
-    if( index < total )
-    {
-        elem_ptr = reader.ptr;
-        *start_index = index;
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return  elem_ptr;
-}
-
-#define CV_FIELD_OFFSET( field, structtype ) ((int)(size_t)&((structtype*)0)->field)
-
-CV_IMPL CvGraphScanner*
-cvCreateGraphScanner( CvGraph* graph, CvGraphVtx* vtx, int mask )
-{
-    CvGraphScanner* scanner = 0;
-    CvMemStorage* child_storage = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvCreateGraphScanner");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !graph )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "Null graph pointer" );
-
-    CV_ASSERT( graph->storage != 0 );
-
-    CV_CALL( scanner = (CvGraphScanner*)cvAlloc( sizeof(*scanner) ));
-    memset( scanner, 0, sizeof(*scanner));
-
-    scanner->graph = graph;
-    scanner->mask = mask;
-    scanner->vtx = vtx;
-    scanner->index = vtx == 0 ? 0 : -1;
-
-    CV_CALL( child_storage = cvCreateChildMemStorage( graph->storage ));
-
-    CV_CALL( scanner->stack = cvCreateSeq( 0, sizeof(CvSet),
-                       sizeof(CvGraphItem), child_storage ));
-
-    CV_CALL( icvSeqElemsClearFlags( (CvSeq*)graph,
-                                    CV_FIELD_OFFSET( flags, CvGraphVtx),
-                                    CV_GRAPH_ITEM_VISITED_FLAG|
-                                    CV_GRAPH_SEARCH_TREE_NODE_FLAG ));
-
-    CV_CALL( icvSeqElemsClearFlags( (CvSeq*)(graph->edges),
-                                    CV_FIELD_OFFSET( flags, CvGraphEdge),
-                                    CV_GRAPH_ITEM_VISITED_FLAG ));
-
-    __END__;
-
-    if( cvGetErrStatus() < 0 )
-    {
-        cvReleaseMemStorage( &child_storage );
-        cvFree( &scanner );
-    }
-
-    return scanner;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL void
-cvReleaseGraphScanner( CvGraphScanner** scanner )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvReleaseGraphScanner");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !scanner )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "Null double pointer to graph scanner" );
-
-    if( *scanner )
-    {
-        if( (*scanner)->stack )
-            CV_CALL( cvReleaseMemStorage( &((*scanner)->stack->storage)));
-        cvFree( scanner );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL int
-cvNextGraphItem( CvGraphScanner* scanner )
-{
-    int code = -1;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvNextGraphItem");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvGraphVtx* vtx;
-    CvGraphVtx* dst;
-    CvGraphEdge* edge;
-    CvGraphItem item;
-
-    if( !scanner || !(scanner->stack))
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "Null graph scanner" );
-
-    dst = scanner->dst;
-    vtx = scanner->vtx;
-    edge = scanner->edge;
-
-    for(;;)
-    {
-        for(;;)
-        {
-            if( dst && !CV_IS_GRAPH_VERTEX_VISITED(dst) )
-            {
-                scanner->vtx = vtx = dst;
-                edge = vtx->first;
-                dst->flags |= CV_GRAPH_ITEM_VISITED_FLAG;
-
-                if((scanner->mask & CV_GRAPH_VERTEX))
-                {
-                    scanner->vtx = vtx;
-                    scanner->edge = vtx->first;
-                    scanner->dst = 0;
-                    code = CV_GRAPH_VERTEX;
-                    EXIT;
-                }
-            }
-
-            while( edge )
-            {
-                dst = edge->vtx[vtx == edge->vtx[0]];
-
-                if( !CV_IS_GRAPH_EDGE_VISITED(edge) )
-                {
-                    // Check that the edge is outgoing:
-                    if( !CV_IS_GRAPH_ORIENTED( scanner->graph ) || dst != edge->vtx[0] )
-                    {
-                        edge->flags |= CV_GRAPH_ITEM_VISITED_FLAG;
-
-                        if( !CV_IS_GRAPH_VERTEX_VISITED(dst) )
-                        {
-                            item.vtx = vtx;
-                            item.edge = edge;
-
-                            vtx->flags |= CV_GRAPH_SEARCH_TREE_NODE_FLAG;
-
-                            cvSeqPush( scanner->stack, &item );
-
-                            if( scanner->mask & CV_GRAPH_TREE_EDGE )
-                            {
-                                code = CV_GRAPH_TREE_EDGE;
-                                scanner->vtx = vtx;
-                                scanner->dst = dst;
-                                scanner->edge = edge;
-                                EXIT;
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            if( scanner->mask & (CV_GRAPH_BACK_EDGE|
-                                                 CV_GRAPH_CROSS_EDGE|
-                                                 CV_GRAPH_FORWARD_EDGE) )
-                            {
-                                code = (dst->flags & CV_GRAPH_SEARCH_TREE_NODE_FLAG) ?
-                                       CV_GRAPH_BACK_EDGE :
-                                       (edge->flags & CV_GRAPH_FORWARD_EDGE_FLAG) ?
-                                       CV_GRAPH_FORWARD_EDGE : CV_GRAPH_CROSS_EDGE;
-                                edge->flags &= ~CV_GRAPH_FORWARD_EDGE_FLAG;
-                                if( scanner->mask & code )
-                                {
-                                    scanner->vtx = vtx;
-                                    scanner->dst = dst;
-                                    scanner->edge = edge;
-                                    EXIT;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else if( (dst->flags & (CV_GRAPH_ITEM_VISITED_FLAG|
-                             CV_GRAPH_SEARCH_TREE_NODE_FLAG)) ==
-                             (CV_GRAPH_ITEM_VISITED_FLAG|
-                             CV_GRAPH_SEARCH_TREE_NODE_FLAG))
-                    {
-                        edge->flags |= CV_GRAPH_FORWARD_EDGE_FLAG;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                edge = CV_NEXT_GRAPH_EDGE( edge, vtx );
-            }
-
-            if( !edge ) /* need to backtrack */
-            {
-                if( scanner->stack->total == 0 )
-                {
-                    if( scanner->index >= 0 )
-                        vtx = 0;
-                    else
-                        scanner->index = 0;
-                    break;
-                }
-                cvSeqPop( scanner->stack, &item );
-                vtx = item.vtx;
-                vtx->flags &= ~CV_GRAPH_SEARCH_TREE_NODE_FLAG;
-                edge = item.edge;
-                dst = 0;
-
-                if( scanner->mask & CV_GRAPH_BACKTRACKING )
-                {
-                    scanner->vtx = vtx;
-                    scanner->edge = edge;
-                    scanner->dst = edge->vtx[vtx == edge->vtx[0]];
-                    code = CV_GRAPH_BACKTRACKING;
-                    EXIT;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if( !vtx )
-        {
-            vtx = (CvGraphVtx*)icvSeqFindNextElem( (CvSeq*)(scanner->graph),
-                  CV_FIELD_OFFSET( flags, CvGraphVtx ), CV_GRAPH_ITEM_VISITED_FLAG|INT_MIN,
-                  0, &(scanner->index) );
-
-            if( !vtx )
-            {
-                code = CV_GRAPH_OVER;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        dst = vtx;
-        if( scanner->mask & CV_GRAPH_NEW_TREE )
-        {
-            scanner->dst = dst;
-            scanner->edge = 0;
-            scanner->vtx = 0;
-            code = CV_GRAPH_NEW_TREE;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return code;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL CvGraph*
-cvCloneGraph( const CvGraph* graph, CvMemStorage* storage )
-{
-    int* flag_buffer = 0;
-    CvGraphVtx** ptr_buffer = 0;
-    CvGraph* result = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvCloneGraph" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    int i, k;
-    int vtx_size, edge_size;
-    CvSeqReader reader;
-
-    if( !CV_IS_GRAPH(graph))
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "Invalid graph pointer" );
-
-    if( !storage )
-        storage = graph->storage;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "NULL storage pointer" );
-
-    vtx_size = graph->elem_size;
-    edge_size = graph->edges->elem_size;
-
-    CV_CALL( flag_buffer = (int*)cvAlloc( graph->total*sizeof(flag_buffer[0])));
-    CV_CALL( ptr_buffer = (CvGraphVtx**)cvAlloc( graph->total*sizeof(ptr_buffer[0])));
-    CV_CALL( result = cvCreateGraph( graph->flags, graph->header_size,
-                                     vtx_size, edge_size, storage ));
-    memcpy( result + sizeof(CvGraph), graph + sizeof(CvGraph),
-            graph->header_size - sizeof(CvGraph));
-
-    // Pass 1.  Save flags, copy vertices:
-    cvStartReadSeq( (CvSeq*)graph, &reader );
-    for( i = 0, k = 0; i < graph->total; i++ )
-    {
-        if( CV_IS_SET_ELEM( reader.ptr ))
-        {
-            CvGraphVtx* vtx = (CvGraphVtx*)reader.ptr;
-            CvGraphVtx* dstvtx = 0;
-            CV_CALL( cvGraphAddVtx( result, vtx, &dstvtx ));
-            flag_buffer[k] = dstvtx->flags = vtx->flags;
-            vtx->flags = k;
-            ptr_buffer[k++] = dstvtx;
-        }
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( vtx_size, reader );
-    }
-
-    // Pass 2.  Copy edges:
-    cvStartReadSeq( (CvSeq*)graph->edges, &reader );
-    for( i = 0; i < graph->edges->total; i++ )
-    {
-        if( CV_IS_SET_ELEM( reader.ptr ))
-        {
-            CvGraphEdge* edge = (CvGraphEdge*)reader.ptr;
-            CvGraphEdge* dstedge = 0;
-            CvGraphVtx* new_org = ptr_buffer[edge->vtx[0]->flags];
-            CvGraphVtx* new_dst = ptr_buffer[edge->vtx[1]->flags];
-            CV_CALL( cvGraphAddEdgeByPtr( result, new_org, new_dst, edge, &dstedge ));
-            dstedge->flags = edge->flags;
-        }
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( edge_size, reader );
-    }
-
-    // Pass 3.  Restore flags:
-    cvStartReadSeq( (CvSeq*)graph, &reader );
-    for( i = 0, k = 0; i < graph->edges->total; i++ )
-    {
-        if( CV_IS_SET_ELEM( reader.ptr ))
-        {
-            CvGraphVtx* vtx = (CvGraphVtx*)reader.ptr;
-            vtx->flags = flag_buffer[k++];
-        }
-        CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( vtx_size, reader );
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    cvFree( &flag_buffer );
-    cvFree( &ptr_buffer );
-
-    if( cvGetErrStatus() < 0 )
-        result = 0;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-
-/****************************************************************************************\
-*                                 Working with sequence tree                             *
-\****************************************************************************************/
-
-// Gather pointers to all the sequences, accessible from the <first>, to the single sequence.
-CV_IMPL CvSeq*
-cvTreeToNodeSeq( const void* first, int header_size, CvMemStorage* storage )
-{
-    CvSeq* allseq = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvTreeToNodeSeq");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvTreeNodeIterator iterator;
-
-    if( !storage )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "NULL storage pointer" );
-
-    CV_CALL( allseq = cvCreateSeq( 0, header_size, sizeof(first), storage ));
-
-    if( first )
-    {
-        CV_CALL( cvInitTreeNodeIterator( &iterator, first, INT_MAX ));
-
-        for(;;)
-        {
-            void* node = cvNextTreeNode( &iterator );
-            if( !node )
-                break;
-            cvSeqPush( allseq, &node );
-        }
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return allseq;
-}
-
-
-typedef struct CvTreeNode
-{
-    int       flags;         /* micsellaneous flags */
-    int       header_size;   /* size of sequence header */
-    struct    CvTreeNode* h_prev; /* previous sequence */
-    struct    CvTreeNode* h_next; /* next sequence */
-    struct    CvTreeNode* v_prev; /* 2nd previous sequence */
-    struct    CvTreeNode* v_next; /* 2nd next sequence */
-}
-CvTreeNode;
-
-
-
-// Insert contour into tree given certain parent sequence.
-// If parent is equal to frame (the most external contour),
-// then added contour will have null pointer to parent:
-CV_IMPL void
-cvInsertNodeIntoTree( void* _node, void* _parent, void* _frame )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvInsertNodeIntoTree" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvTreeNode* node = (CvTreeNode*)_node;
-    CvTreeNode* parent = (CvTreeNode*)_parent;
-
-    if( !node || !parent )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    node->v_prev = _parent != _frame ? parent : 0;
-    node->h_next = parent->v_next;
-
-    assert( parent->v_next != node );
-
-    if( parent->v_next )
-        parent->v_next->h_prev = node;
-    parent->v_next = node;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-// Remove contour from tree, together with the contour's children:
-CV_IMPL void
-cvRemoveNodeFromTree( void* _node, void* _frame )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME( "cvRemoveNodeFromTree" );
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvTreeNode* node = (CvTreeNode*)_node;
-    CvTreeNode* frame = (CvTreeNode*)_frame;
-
-    if( !node )
-        CV_ERROR_FROM_CODE( CV_StsNullPtr );
-
-    if( node == frame )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsBadArg, "frame node could not be deleted" );
-
-    if( node->h_next )
-        node->h_next->h_prev = node->h_prev;
-
-    if( node->h_prev )
-        node->h_prev->h_next = node->h_next;
-    else
-    {
-        CvTreeNode* parent = node->v_prev;
-        if( !parent )
-            parent = frame;
-
-        if( parent )
-        {
-            assert( parent->v_next == node );
-            parent->v_next = node->h_next;
-        }
-    }
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL void
-cvInitTreeNodeIterator( CvTreeNodeIterator* treeIterator,
-                        const void* first, int max_level )
-{
-    CV_FUNCNAME("icvInitTreeNodeIterator");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    if( !treeIterator || !first )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    if( max_level < 0 )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsOutOfRange, "" );
-
-    treeIterator->node = (void*)first;
-    treeIterator->level = 0;
-    treeIterator->max_level = max_level;
-
-    __END__;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL void*
-cvNextTreeNode( CvTreeNodeIterator* treeIterator )
-{
-    CvTreeNode* prevNode = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvNextTreeNode");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvTreeNode* node;
-    int level;
-
-    if( !treeIterator )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "NULL iterator pointer" );
-
-    prevNode = node = (CvTreeNode*)treeIterator->node;
-    level = treeIterator->level;
-
-    if( node )
-    {
-        if( node->v_next && level+1 < treeIterator->max_level )
-        {
-            node = node->v_next;
-            level++;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            while( node->h_next == 0 )
-            {
-                node = node->v_prev;
-                if( --level < 0 )
-                {
-                    node = 0;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            node = node && treeIterator->max_level != 0 ? node->h_next : 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    treeIterator->node = node;
-    treeIterator->level = level;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return prevNode;
-}
-
-
-CV_IMPL void*
-cvPrevTreeNode( CvTreeNodeIterator* treeIterator )
-{
-    CvTreeNode* prevNode = 0;
-
-    CV_FUNCNAME("cvPrevTreeNode");
-
-    __BEGIN__;
-
-    CvTreeNode* node;
-    int level;
-
-    if( !treeIterator )
-        CV_ERROR( CV_StsNullPtr, "" );
-
-    prevNode = node = (CvTreeNode*)treeIterator->node;
-    level = treeIterator->level;
-
-    if( node )
-    {
-        if( !node->h_prev )
-        {
-            node = node->v_prev;
-            if( --level < 0 )
-                node = 0;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            node = node->h_prev;
-
-            while( node->v_next && level < treeIterator->max_level )
-            {
-                node = node->v_next;
-                level++;
-
-                while( node->h_next )
-                    node = node->h_next;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    treeIterator->node = node;
-    treeIterator->level = level;
-
-    __END__;
-
-    return prevNode;
-}
-
-/* End of file. */