--- /dev/null
+# Author: Steven J. Bethard <steven.bethard@gmail.com>.
+
+"""Command-line parsing library
+
+This module is an optparse-inspired command-line parsing library that:
+
+ - handles both optional and positional arguments
+ - produces highly informative usage messages
+ - supports parsers that dispatch to sub-parsers
+
+The following is a simple usage example that sums integers from the
+command-line and writes the result to a file::
+
+ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+ description='sum the integers at the command line')
+ parser.add_argument(
+ 'integers', metavar='int', nargs='+', type=int,
+ help='an integer to be summed')
+ parser.add_argument(
+ '--log', default=sys.stdout, type=argparse.FileType('w'),
+ help='the file where the sum should be written')
+ args = parser.parse_args()
+ args.log.write('%s' % sum(args.integers))
+ args.log.close()
+
+The module contains the following public classes:
+
+ - ArgumentParser -- The main entry point for command-line parsing. As the
+ example above shows, the add_argument() method is used to populate
+ the parser with actions for optional and positional arguments. Then
+ the parse_args() method is invoked to convert the args at the
+ command-line into an object with attributes.
+
+ - ArgumentError -- The exception raised by ArgumentParser objects when
+ there are errors with the parser's actions. Errors raised while
+ parsing the command-line are caught by ArgumentParser and emitted
+ as command-line messages.
+
+ - FileType -- A factory for defining types of files to be created. As the
+ example above shows, instances of FileType are typically passed as
+ the type= argument of add_argument() calls.
+
+ - Action -- The base class for parser actions. Typically actions are
+ selected by passing strings like 'store_true' or 'append_const' to
+ the action= argument of add_argument(). However, for greater
+ customization of ArgumentParser actions, subclasses of Action may
+ be defined and passed as the action= argument.
+
+ - HelpFormatter, RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, RawTextHelpFormatter,
+ ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter -- Formatter classes which
+ may be passed as the formatter_class= argument to the
+ ArgumentParser constructor. HelpFormatter is the default,
+ RawDescriptionHelpFormatter and RawTextHelpFormatter tell the parser
+ not to change the formatting for help text, and
+ ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter adds information about argument defaults
+ to the help.
+
+All other classes in this module are considered implementation details.
+(Also note that HelpFormatter and RawDescriptionHelpFormatter are only
+considered public as object names -- the API of the formatter objects is
+still considered an implementation detail.)
+"""
+
+__version__ = '1.2.1'
+__all__ = [
+ 'ArgumentParser',
+ 'ArgumentError',
+ 'ArgumentTypeError',
+ 'FileType',
+ 'HelpFormatter',
+ 'ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter',
+ 'RawDescriptionHelpFormatter',
+ 'RawTextHelpFormatter',
+ 'Namespace',
+ 'Action',
+ 'ONE_OR_MORE',
+ 'OPTIONAL',
+ 'PARSER',
+ 'REMAINDER',
+ 'SUPPRESS',
+ 'ZERO_OR_MORE',
+]
+
+
+import copy as _copy
+import os as _os
+import re as _re
+import sys as _sys
+import textwrap as _textwrap
+
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+try:
+ set
+except NameError:
+ # for python < 2.4 compatibility (sets module is there since 2.3):
+ from sets import Set as set
+
+try:
+ basestring
+except NameError:
+ basestring = str
+
+try:
+ sorted
+except NameError:
+ # for python < 2.4 compatibility:
+ def sorted(iterable, reverse=False):
+ result = list(iterable)
+ result.sort()
+ if reverse:
+ result.reverse()
+ return result
+
+
+def _callable(obj):
+ return hasattr(obj, '__call__') or hasattr(obj, '__bases__')
+
+
+SUPPRESS = '==SUPPRESS=='
+
+OPTIONAL = '?'
+ZERO_OR_MORE = '*'
+ONE_OR_MORE = '+'
+PARSER = 'A...'
+REMAINDER = '...'
+_UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR = '_unrecognized_args'
+
+# =============================
+# Utility functions and classes
+# =============================
+
+class _AttributeHolder(object):
+ """Abstract base class that provides __repr__.
+
+ The __repr__ method returns a string in the format::
+ ClassName(attr=name, attr=name, ...)
+ The attributes are determined either by a class-level attribute,
+ '_kwarg_names', or by inspecting the instance __dict__.
+ """
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ type_name = type(self).__name__
+ arg_strings = []
+ for arg in self._get_args():
+ arg_strings.append(repr(arg))
+ for name, value in self._get_kwargs():
+ arg_strings.append('%s=%r' % (name, value))
+ return '%s(%s)' % (type_name, ', '.join(arg_strings))
+
+ def _get_kwargs(self):
+ return sorted(self.__dict__.items())
+
+ def _get_args(self):
+ return []
+
+
+def _ensure_value(namespace, name, value):
+ if getattr(namespace, name, None) is None:
+ setattr(namespace, name, value)
+ return getattr(namespace, name)
+
+
+# ===============
+# Formatting Help
+# ===============
+
+class HelpFormatter(object):
+ """Formatter for generating usage messages and argument help strings.
+
+ Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods
+ provided by the class are considered an implementation detail.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ prog,
+ indent_increment=2,
+ max_help_position=24,
+ width=None):
+
+ # default setting for width
+ if width is None:
+ try:
+ width = int(_os.environ['COLUMNS'])
+ except (KeyError, ValueError):
+ width = 80
+ width -= 2
+
+ self._prog = prog
+ self._indent_increment = indent_increment
+ self._max_help_position = max_help_position
+ self._width = width
+
+ self._current_indent = 0
+ self._level = 0
+ self._action_max_length = 0
+
+ self._root_section = self._Section(self, None)
+ self._current_section = self._root_section
+
+ self._whitespace_matcher = _re.compile(r'\s+')
+ self._long_break_matcher = _re.compile(r'\n\n\n+')
+
+ # ===============================
+ # Section and indentation methods
+ # ===============================
+ def _indent(self):
+ self._current_indent += self._indent_increment
+ self._level += 1
+
+ def _dedent(self):
+ self._current_indent -= self._indent_increment
+ assert self._current_indent >= 0, 'Indent decreased below 0.'
+ self._level -= 1
+
+ class _Section(object):
+
+ def __init__(self, formatter, parent, heading=None):
+ self.formatter = formatter
+ self.parent = parent
+ self.heading = heading
+ self.items = []
+
+ def format_help(self):
+ # format the indented section
+ if self.parent is not None:
+ self.formatter._indent()
+ join = self.formatter._join_parts
+ for func, args in self.items:
+ func(*args)
+ item_help = join([func(*args) for func, args in self.items])
+ if self.parent is not None:
+ self.formatter._dedent()
+
+ # return nothing if the section was empty
+ if not item_help:
+ return ''
+
+ # add the heading if the section was non-empty
+ if self.heading is not SUPPRESS and self.heading is not None:
+ current_indent = self.formatter._current_indent
+ heading = '%*s%s:\n' % (current_indent, '', self.heading)
+ else:
+ heading = ''
+
+ # join the section-initial newline, the heading and the help
+ return join(['\n', heading, item_help, '\n'])
+
+ def _add_item(self, func, args):
+ self._current_section.items.append((func, args))
+
+ # ========================
+ # Message building methods
+ # ========================
+ def start_section(self, heading):
+ self._indent()
+ section = self._Section(self, self._current_section, heading)
+ self._add_item(section.format_help, [])
+ self._current_section = section
+
+ def end_section(self):
+ self._current_section = self._current_section.parent
+ self._dedent()
+
+ def add_text(self, text):
+ if text is not SUPPRESS and text is not None:
+ self._add_item(self._format_text, [text])
+
+ def add_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix=None):
+ if usage is not SUPPRESS:
+ args = usage, actions, groups, prefix
+ self._add_item(self._format_usage, args)
+
+ def add_argument(self, action):
+ if action.help is not SUPPRESS:
+
+ # find all invocations
+ get_invocation = self._format_action_invocation
+ invocations = [get_invocation(action)]
+ for subaction in self._iter_indented_subactions(action):
+ invocations.append(get_invocation(subaction))
+
+ # update the maximum item length
+ invocation_length = max([len(s) for s in invocations])
+ action_length = invocation_length + self._current_indent
+ self._action_max_length = max(self._action_max_length,
+ action_length)
+
+ # add the item to the list
+ self._add_item(self._format_action, [action])
+
+ def add_arguments(self, actions):
+ for action in actions:
+ self.add_argument(action)
+
+ # =======================
+ # Help-formatting methods
+ # =======================
+ def format_help(self):
+ help = self._root_section.format_help()
+ if help:
+ help = self._long_break_matcher.sub('\n\n', help)
+ help = help.strip('\n') + '\n'
+ return help
+
+ def _join_parts(self, part_strings):
+ return ''.join([part
+ for part in part_strings
+ if part and part is not SUPPRESS])
+
+ def _format_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix):
+ if prefix is None:
+ prefix = _('usage: ')
+
+ # if usage is specified, use that
+ if usage is not None:
+ usage = usage % dict(prog=self._prog)
+
+ # if no optionals or positionals are available, usage is just prog
+ elif usage is None and not actions:
+ usage = '%(prog)s' % dict(prog=self._prog)
+
+ # if optionals and positionals are available, calculate usage
+ elif usage is None:
+ prog = '%(prog)s' % dict(prog=self._prog)
+
+ # split optionals from positionals
+ optionals = []
+ positionals = []
+ for action in actions:
+ if action.option_strings:
+ optionals.append(action)
+ else:
+ positionals.append(action)
+
+ # build full usage string
+ format = self._format_actions_usage
+ action_usage = format(optionals + positionals, groups)
+ usage = ' '.join([s for s in [prog, action_usage] if s])
+
+ # wrap the usage parts if it's too long
+ text_width = self._width - self._current_indent
+ if len(prefix) + len(usage) > text_width:
+
+ # break usage into wrappable parts
+ part_regexp = r'\(.*?\)+|\[.*?\]+|\S+'
+ opt_usage = format(optionals, groups)
+ pos_usage = format(positionals, groups)
+ opt_parts = _re.findall(part_regexp, opt_usage)
+ pos_parts = _re.findall(part_regexp, pos_usage)
+ assert ' '.join(opt_parts) == opt_usage
+ assert ' '.join(pos_parts) == pos_usage
+
+ # helper for wrapping lines
+ def get_lines(parts, indent, prefix=None):
+ lines = []
+ line = []
+ if prefix is not None:
+ line_len = len(prefix) - 1
+ else:
+ line_len = len(indent) - 1
+ for part in parts:
+ if line_len + 1 + len(part) > text_width:
+ lines.append(indent + ' '.join(line))
+ line = []
+ line_len = len(indent) - 1
+ line.append(part)
+ line_len += len(part) + 1
+ if line:
+ lines.append(indent + ' '.join(line))
+ if prefix is not None:
+ lines[0] = lines[0][len(indent):]
+ return lines
+
+ # if prog is short, follow it with optionals or positionals
+ if len(prefix) + len(prog) <= 0.75 * text_width:
+ indent = ' ' * (len(prefix) + len(prog) + 1)
+ if opt_parts:
+ lines = get_lines([prog] + opt_parts, indent, prefix)
+ lines.extend(get_lines(pos_parts, indent))
+ elif pos_parts:
+ lines = get_lines([prog] + pos_parts, indent, prefix)
+ else:
+ lines = [prog]
+
+ # if prog is long, put it on its own line
+ else:
+ indent = ' ' * len(prefix)
+ parts = opt_parts + pos_parts
+ lines = get_lines(parts, indent)
+ if len(lines) > 1:
+ lines = []
+ lines.extend(get_lines(opt_parts, indent))
+ lines.extend(get_lines(pos_parts, indent))
+ lines = [prog] + lines
+
+ # join lines into usage
+ usage = '\n'.join(lines)
+
+ # prefix with 'usage:'
+ return '%s%s\n\n' % (prefix, usage)
+
+ def _format_actions_usage(self, actions, groups):
+ # find group indices and identify actions in groups
+ group_actions = set()
+ inserts = {}
+ for group in groups:
+ try:
+ start = actions.index(group._group_actions[0])
+ except ValueError:
+ continue
+ else:
+ end = start + len(group._group_actions)
+ if actions[start:end] == group._group_actions:
+ for action in group._group_actions:
+ group_actions.add(action)
+ if not group.required:
+ if start in inserts:
+ inserts[start] += ' ['
+ else:
+ inserts[start] = '['
+ inserts[end] = ']'
+ else:
+ if start in inserts:
+ inserts[start] += ' ('
+ else:
+ inserts[start] = '('
+ inserts[end] = ')'
+ for i in range(start + 1, end):
+ inserts[i] = '|'
+
+ # collect all actions format strings
+ parts = []
+ for i, action in enumerate(actions):
+
+ # suppressed arguments are marked with None
+ # remove | separators for suppressed arguments
+ if action.help is SUPPRESS:
+ parts.append(None)
+ if inserts.get(i) == '|':
+ inserts.pop(i)
+ elif inserts.get(i + 1) == '|':
+ inserts.pop(i + 1)
+
+ # produce all arg strings
+ elif not action.option_strings:
+ part = self._format_args(action, action.dest)
+
+ # if it's in a group, strip the outer []
+ if action in group_actions:
+ if part[0] == '[' and part[-1] == ']':
+ part = part[1:-1]
+
+ # add the action string to the list
+ parts.append(part)
+
+ # produce the first way to invoke the option in brackets
+ else:
+ option_string = action.option_strings[0]
+
+ # if the Optional doesn't take a value, format is:
+ # -s or --long
+ if action.nargs == 0:
+ part = '%s' % option_string
+
+ # if the Optional takes a value, format is:
+ # -s ARGS or --long ARGS
+ else:
+ default = action.dest.upper()
+ args_string = self._format_args(action, default)
+ part = '%s %s' % (option_string, args_string)
+
+ # make it look optional if it's not required or in a group
+ if not action.required and action not in group_actions:
+ part = '[%s]' % part
+
+ # add the action string to the list
+ parts.append(part)
+
+ # insert things at the necessary indices
+ for i in sorted(inserts, reverse=True):
+ parts[i:i] = [inserts[i]]
+
+ # join all the action items with spaces
+ text = ' '.join([item for item in parts if item is not None])
+
+ # clean up separators for mutually exclusive groups
+ open = r'[\[(]'
+ close = r'[\])]'
+ text = _re.sub(r'(%s) ' % open, r'\1', text)
+ text = _re.sub(r' (%s)' % close, r'\1', text)
+ text = _re.sub(r'%s *%s' % (open, close), r'', text)
+ text = _re.sub(r'\(([^|]*)\)', r'\1', text)
+ text = text.strip()
+
+ # return the text
+ return text
+
+ def _format_text(self, text):
+ if '%(prog)' in text:
+ text = text % dict(prog=self._prog)
+ text_width = self._width - self._current_indent
+ indent = ' ' * self._current_indent
+ return self._fill_text(text, text_width, indent) + '\n\n'
+
+ def _format_action(self, action):
+ # determine the required width and the entry label
+ help_position = min(self._action_max_length + 2,
+ self._max_help_position)
+ help_width = self._width - help_position
+ action_width = help_position - self._current_indent - 2
+ action_header = self._format_action_invocation(action)
+
+ # ho nelp; start on same line and add a final newline
+ if not action.help:
+ tup = self._current_indent, '', action_header
+ action_header = '%*s%s\n' % tup
+
+ # short action name; start on the same line and pad two spaces
+ elif len(action_header) <= action_width:
+ tup = self._current_indent, '', action_width, action_header
+ action_header = '%*s%-*s ' % tup
+ indent_first = 0
+
+ # long action name; start on the next line
+ else:
+ tup = self._current_indent, '', action_header
+ action_header = '%*s%s\n' % tup
+ indent_first = help_position
+
+ # collect the pieces of the action help
+ parts = [action_header]
+
+ # if there was help for the action, add lines of help text
+ if action.help:
+ help_text = self._expand_help(action)
+ help_lines = self._split_lines(help_text, help_width)
+ parts.append('%*s%s\n' % (indent_first, '', help_lines[0]))
+ for line in help_lines[1:]:
+ parts.append('%*s%s\n' % (help_position, '', line))
+
+ # or add a newline if the description doesn't end with one
+ elif not action_header.endswith('\n'):
+ parts.append('\n')
+
+ # if there are any sub-actions, add their help as well
+ for subaction in self._iter_indented_subactions(action):
+ parts.append(self._format_action(subaction))
+
+ # return a single string
+ return self._join_parts(parts)
+
+ def _format_action_invocation(self, action):
+ if not action.option_strings:
+ metavar, = self._metavar_formatter(action, action.dest)(1)
+ return metavar
+
+ else:
+ parts = []
+
+ # if the Optional doesn't take a value, format is:
+ # -s, --long
+ if action.nargs == 0:
+ parts.extend(action.option_strings)
+
+ # if the Optional takes a value, format is:
+ # -s ARGS, --long ARGS
+ else:
+ default = action.dest.upper()
+ args_string = self._format_args(action, default)
+ for option_string in action.option_strings:
+ parts.append('%s %s' % (option_string, args_string))
+
+ return ', '.join(parts)
+
+ def _metavar_formatter(self, action, default_metavar):
+ if action.metavar is not None:
+ result = action.metavar
+ elif action.choices is not None:
+ choice_strs = [str(choice) for choice in action.choices]
+ result = '{%s}' % ','.join(choice_strs)
+ else:
+ result = default_metavar
+
+ def format(tuple_size):
+ if isinstance(result, tuple):
+ return result
+ else:
+ return (result, ) * tuple_size
+ return format
+
+ def _format_args(self, action, default_metavar):
+ get_metavar = self._metavar_formatter(action, default_metavar)
+ if action.nargs is None:
+ result = '%s' % get_metavar(1)
+ elif action.nargs == OPTIONAL:
+ result = '[%s]' % get_metavar(1)
+ elif action.nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE:
+ result = '[%s [%s ...]]' % get_metavar(2)
+ elif action.nargs == ONE_OR_MORE:
+ result = '%s [%s ...]' % get_metavar(2)
+ elif action.nargs == REMAINDER:
+ result = '...'
+ elif action.nargs == PARSER:
+ result = '%s ...' % get_metavar(1)
+ else:
+ formats = ['%s' for _ in range(action.nargs)]
+ result = ' '.join(formats) % get_metavar(action.nargs)
+ return result
+
+ def _expand_help(self, action):
+ params = dict(vars(action), prog=self._prog)
+ for name in list(params):
+ if params[name] is SUPPRESS:
+ del params[name]
+ for name in list(params):
+ if hasattr(params[name], '__name__'):
+ params[name] = params[name].__name__
+ if params.get('choices') is not None:
+ choices_str = ', '.join([str(c) for c in params['choices']])
+ params['choices'] = choices_str
+ return self._get_help_string(action) % params
+
+ def _iter_indented_subactions(self, action):
+ try:
+ get_subactions = action._get_subactions
+ except AttributeError:
+ pass
+ else:
+ self._indent()
+ for subaction in get_subactions():
+ yield subaction
+ self._dedent()
+
+ def _split_lines(self, text, width):
+ text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(' ', text).strip()
+ return _textwrap.wrap(text, width)
+
+ def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
+ text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(' ', text).strip()
+ return _textwrap.fill(text, width, initial_indent=indent,
+ subsequent_indent=indent)
+
+ def _get_help_string(self, action):
+ return action.help
+
+
+class RawDescriptionHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter):
+ """Help message formatter which retains any formatting in descriptions.
+
+ Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods
+ provided by the class are considered an implementation detail.
+ """
+
+ def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
+ return ''.join([indent + line for line in text.splitlines(True)])
+
+
+class RawTextHelpFormatter(RawDescriptionHelpFormatter):
+ """Help message formatter which retains formatting of all help text.
+
+ Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods
+ provided by the class are considered an implementation detail.
+ """
+
+ def _split_lines(self, text, width):
+ return text.splitlines()
+
+
+class ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter):
+ """Help message formatter which adds default values to argument help.
+
+ Only the name of this class is considered a public API. All the methods
+ provided by the class are considered an implementation detail.
+ """
+
+ def _get_help_string(self, action):
+ help = action.help
+ if '%(default)' not in action.help:
+ if action.default is not SUPPRESS:
+ defaulting_nargs = [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE]
+ if action.option_strings or action.nargs in defaulting_nargs:
+ help += ' (default: %(default)s)'
+ return help
+
+
+# =====================
+# Options and Arguments
+# =====================
+
+def _get_action_name(argument):
+ if argument is None:
+ return None
+ elif argument.option_strings:
+ return '/'.join(argument.option_strings)
+ elif argument.metavar not in (None, SUPPRESS):
+ return argument.metavar
+ elif argument.dest not in (None, SUPPRESS):
+ return argument.dest
+ else:
+ return None
+
+
+class ArgumentError(Exception):
+ """An error from creating or using an argument (optional or positional).
+
+ The string value of this exception is the message, augmented with
+ information about the argument that caused it.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self, argument, message):
+ self.argument_name = _get_action_name(argument)
+ self.message = message
+
+ def __str__(self):
+ if self.argument_name is None:
+ format = '%(message)s'
+ else:
+ format = 'argument %(argument_name)s: %(message)s'
+ return format % dict(message=self.message,
+ argument_name=self.argument_name)
+
+
+class ArgumentTypeError(Exception):
+ """An error from trying to convert a command line string to a type."""
+ pass
+
+
+# ==============
+# Action classes
+# ==============
+
+class Action(_AttributeHolder):
+ """Information about how to convert command line strings to Python objects.
+
+ Action objects are used by an ArgumentParser to represent the information
+ needed to parse a single argument from one or more strings from the
+ command line. The keyword arguments to the Action constructor are also
+ all attributes of Action instances.
+
+ Keyword Arguments:
+
+ - option_strings -- A list of command-line option strings which
+ should be associated with this action.
+
+ - dest -- The name of the attribute to hold the created object(s)
+
+ - nargs -- The number of command-line arguments that should be
+ consumed. By default, one argument will be consumed and a single
+ value will be produced. Other values include:
+ - N (an integer) consumes N arguments (and produces a list)
+ - '?' consumes zero or one arguments
+ - '*' consumes zero or more arguments (and produces a list)
+ - '+' consumes one or more arguments (and produces a list)
+ Note that the difference between the default and nargs=1 is that
+ with the default, a single value will be produced, while with
+ nargs=1, a list containing a single value will be produced.
+
+ - const -- The value to be produced if the option is specified and the
+ option uses an action that takes no values.
+
+ - default -- The value to be produced if the option is not specified.
+
+ - type -- The type which the command-line arguments should be converted
+ to, should be one of 'string', 'int', 'float', 'complex' or a
+ callable object that accepts a single string argument. If None,
+ 'string' is assumed.
+
+ - choices -- A container of values that should be allowed. If not None,
+ after a command-line argument has been converted to the appropriate
+ type, an exception will be raised if it is not a member of this
+ collection.
+
+ - required -- True if the action must always be specified at the
+ command line. This is only meaningful for optional command-line
+ arguments.
+
+ - help -- The help string describing the argument.
+
+ - metavar -- The name to be used for the option's argument with the
+ help string. If None, the 'dest' value will be used as the name.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ dest,
+ nargs=None,
+ const=None,
+ default=None,
+ type=None,
+ choices=None,
+ required=False,
+ help=None,
+ metavar=None):
+ self.option_strings = option_strings
+ self.dest = dest
+ self.nargs = nargs
+ self.const = const
+ self.default = default
+ self.type = type
+ self.choices = choices
+ self.required = required
+ self.help = help
+ self.metavar = metavar
+
+ def _get_kwargs(self):
+ names = [
+ 'option_strings',
+ 'dest',
+ 'nargs',
+ 'const',
+ 'default',
+ 'type',
+ 'choices',
+ 'help',
+ 'metavar',
+ ]
+ return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in names]
+
+ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+ raise NotImplementedError(_('.__call__() not defined'))
+
+
+class _StoreAction(Action):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ dest,
+ nargs=None,
+ const=None,
+ default=None,
+ type=None,
+ choices=None,
+ required=False,
+ help=None,
+ metavar=None):
+ if nargs == 0:
+ raise ValueError('nargs for store actions must be > 0; if you '
+ 'have nothing to store, actions such as store '
+ 'true or store const may be more appropriate')
+ if const is not None and nargs != OPTIONAL:
+ raise ValueError('nargs must be %r to supply const' % OPTIONAL)
+ super(_StoreAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ nargs=nargs,
+ const=const,
+ default=default,
+ type=type,
+ choices=choices,
+ required=required,
+ help=help,
+ metavar=metavar)
+
+ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+ setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
+
+
+class _StoreConstAction(Action):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ dest,
+ const,
+ default=None,
+ required=False,
+ help=None,
+ metavar=None):
+ super(_StoreConstAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ nargs=0,
+ const=const,
+ default=default,
+ required=required,
+ help=help)
+
+ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+ setattr(namespace, self.dest, self.const)
+
+
+class _StoreTrueAction(_StoreConstAction):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ dest,
+ default=False,
+ required=False,
+ help=None):
+ super(_StoreTrueAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ const=True,
+ default=default,
+ required=required,
+ help=help)
+
+
+class _StoreFalseAction(_StoreConstAction):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ dest,
+ default=True,
+ required=False,
+ help=None):
+ super(_StoreFalseAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ const=False,
+ default=default,
+ required=required,
+ help=help)
+
+
+class _AppendAction(Action):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ dest,
+ nargs=None,
+ const=None,
+ default=None,
+ type=None,
+ choices=None,
+ required=False,
+ help=None,
+ metavar=None):
+ if nargs == 0:
+ raise ValueError('nargs for append actions must be > 0; if arg '
+ 'strings are not supplying the value to append, '
+ 'the append const action may be more appropriate')
+ if const is not None and nargs != OPTIONAL:
+ raise ValueError('nargs must be %r to supply const' % OPTIONAL)
+ super(_AppendAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ nargs=nargs,
+ const=const,
+ default=default,
+ type=type,
+ choices=choices,
+ required=required,
+ help=help,
+ metavar=metavar)
+
+ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+ items = _copy.copy(_ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, []))
+ items.append(values)
+ setattr(namespace, self.dest, items)
+
+
+class _AppendConstAction(Action):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ dest,
+ const,
+ default=None,
+ required=False,
+ help=None,
+ metavar=None):
+ super(_AppendConstAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ nargs=0,
+ const=const,
+ default=default,
+ required=required,
+ help=help,
+ metavar=metavar)
+
+ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+ items = _copy.copy(_ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, []))
+ items.append(self.const)
+ setattr(namespace, self.dest, items)
+
+
+class _CountAction(Action):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ dest,
+ default=None,
+ required=False,
+ help=None):
+ super(_CountAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ nargs=0,
+ default=default,
+ required=required,
+ help=help)
+
+ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+ new_count = _ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, 0) + 1
+ setattr(namespace, self.dest, new_count)
+
+
+class _HelpAction(Action):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ dest=SUPPRESS,
+ default=SUPPRESS,
+ help=None):
+ super(_HelpAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ default=default,
+ nargs=0,
+ help=help)
+
+ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+ parser.print_help()
+ parser.exit()
+
+
+class _VersionAction(Action):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ version=None,
+ dest=SUPPRESS,
+ default=SUPPRESS,
+ help="show program's version number and exit"):
+ super(_VersionAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ default=default,
+ nargs=0,
+ help=help)
+ self.version = version
+
+ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+ version = self.version
+ if version is None:
+ version = parser.version
+ formatter = parser._get_formatter()
+ formatter.add_text(version)
+ parser.exit(message=formatter.format_help())
+
+
+class _SubParsersAction(Action):
+
+ class _ChoicesPseudoAction(Action):
+
+ def __init__(self, name, help):
+ sup = super(_SubParsersAction._ChoicesPseudoAction, self)
+ sup.__init__(option_strings=[], dest=name, help=help)
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ option_strings,
+ prog,
+ parser_class,
+ dest=SUPPRESS,
+ help=None,
+ metavar=None):
+
+ self._prog_prefix = prog
+ self._parser_class = parser_class
+ self._name_parser_map = {}
+ self._choices_actions = []
+
+ super(_SubParsersAction, self).__init__(
+ option_strings=option_strings,
+ dest=dest,
+ nargs=PARSER,
+ choices=self._name_parser_map,
+ help=help,
+ metavar=metavar)
+
+ def add_parser(self, name, **kwargs):
+ # set prog from the existing prefix
+ if kwargs.get('prog') is None:
+ kwargs['prog'] = '%s %s' % (self._prog_prefix, name)
+
+ # create a pseudo-action to hold the choice help
+ if 'help' in kwargs:
+ help = kwargs.pop('help')
+ choice_action = self._ChoicesPseudoAction(name, help)
+ self._choices_actions.append(choice_action)
+
+ # create the parser and add it to the map
+ parser = self._parser_class(**kwargs)
+ self._name_parser_map[name] = parser
+ return parser
+
+ def _get_subactions(self):
+ return self._choices_actions
+
+ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+ parser_name = values[0]
+ arg_strings = values[1:]
+
+ # set the parser name if requested
+ if self.dest is not SUPPRESS:
+ setattr(namespace, self.dest, parser_name)
+
+ # select the parser
+ try:
+ parser = self._name_parser_map[parser_name]
+ except KeyError:
+ tup = parser_name, ', '.join(self._name_parser_map)
+ msg = _('unknown parser %r (choices: %s)' % tup)
+ raise ArgumentError(self, msg)
+
+ # parse all the remaining options into the namespace
+ # store any unrecognized options on the object, so that the top
+ # level parser can decide what to do with them
+ namespace, arg_strings = parser.parse_known_args(arg_strings, namespace)
+ if arg_strings:
+ vars(namespace).setdefault(_UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR, [])
+ getattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR).extend(arg_strings)
+
+
+# ==============
+# Type classes
+# ==============
+
+class FileType(object):
+ """Factory for creating file object types
+
+ Instances of FileType are typically passed as type= arguments to the
+ ArgumentParser add_argument() method.
+
+ Keyword Arguments:
+ - mode -- A string indicating how the file is to be opened. Accepts the
+ same values as the builtin open() function.
+ - bufsize -- The file's desired buffer size. Accepts the same values as
+ the builtin open() function.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self, mode='r', bufsize=None):
+ self._mode = mode
+ self._bufsize = bufsize
+
+ def __call__(self, string):
+ # the special argument "-" means sys.std{in,out}
+ if string == '-':
+ if 'r' in self._mode:
+ return _sys.stdin
+ elif 'w' in self._mode:
+ return _sys.stdout
+ else:
+ msg = _('argument "-" with mode %r' % self._mode)
+ raise ValueError(msg)
+
+ # all other arguments are used as file names
+ if self._bufsize:
+ return open(string, self._mode, self._bufsize)
+ else:
+ return open(string, self._mode)
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ args = [self._mode, self._bufsize]
+ args_str = ', '.join([repr(arg) for arg in args if arg is not None])
+ return '%s(%s)' % (type(self).__name__, args_str)
+
+# ===========================
+# Optional and Positional Parsing
+# ===========================
+
+class Namespace(_AttributeHolder):
+ """Simple object for storing attributes.
+
+ Implements equality by attribute names and values, and provides a simple
+ string representation.
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+ for name in kwargs:
+ setattr(self, name, kwargs[name])
+
+ __hash__ = None
+
+ def __eq__(self, other):
+ return vars(self) == vars(other)
+
+ def __ne__(self, other):
+ return not (self == other)
+
+ def __contains__(self, key):
+ return key in self.__dict__
+
+
+class _ActionsContainer(object):
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ description,
+ prefix_chars,
+ argument_default,
+ conflict_handler):
+ super(_ActionsContainer, self).__init__()
+
+ self.description = description
+ self.argument_default = argument_default
+ self.prefix_chars = prefix_chars
+ self.conflict_handler = conflict_handler
+
+ # set up registries
+ self._registries = {}
+
+ # register actions
+ self.register('action', None, _StoreAction)
+ self.register('action', 'store', _StoreAction)
+ self.register('action', 'store_const', _StoreConstAction)
+ self.register('action', 'store_true', _StoreTrueAction)
+ self.register('action', 'store_false', _StoreFalseAction)
+ self.register('action', 'append', _AppendAction)
+ self.register('action', 'append_const', _AppendConstAction)
+ self.register('action', 'count', _CountAction)
+ self.register('action', 'help', _HelpAction)
+ self.register('action', 'version', _VersionAction)
+ self.register('action', 'parsers', _SubParsersAction)
+
+ # raise an exception if the conflict handler is invalid
+ self._get_handler()
+
+ # action storage
+ self._actions = []
+ self._option_string_actions = {}
+
+ # groups
+ self._action_groups = []
+ self._mutually_exclusive_groups = []
+
+ # defaults storage
+ self._defaults = {}
+
+ # determines whether an "option" looks like a negative number
+ self._negative_number_matcher = _re.compile(r'^-\d+$|^-\d*\.\d+$')
+
+ # whether or not there are any optionals that look like negative
+ # numbers -- uses a list so it can be shared and edited
+ self._has_negative_number_optionals = []
+
+ # ====================
+ # Registration methods
+ # ====================
+ def register(self, registry_name, value, object):
+ registry = self._registries.setdefault(registry_name, {})
+ registry[value] = object
+
+ def _registry_get(self, registry_name, value, default=None):
+ return self._registries[registry_name].get(value, default)
+
+ # ==================================
+ # Namespace default accessor methods
+ # ==================================
+ def set_defaults(self, **kwargs):
+ self._defaults.update(kwargs)
+
+ # if these defaults match any existing arguments, replace
+ # the previous default on the object with the new one
+ for action in self._actions:
+ if action.dest in kwargs:
+ action.default = kwargs[action.dest]
+
+ def get_default(self, dest):
+ for action in self._actions:
+ if action.dest == dest and action.default is not None:
+ return action.default
+ return self._defaults.get(dest, None)
+
+
+ # =======================
+ # Adding argument actions
+ # =======================
+ def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs):
+ """
+ add_argument(dest, ..., name=value, ...)
+ add_argument(option_string, option_string, ..., name=value, ...)
+ """
+
+ # if no positional args are supplied or only one is supplied and
+ # it doesn't look like an option string, parse a positional
+ # argument
+ chars = self.prefix_chars
+ if not args or len(args) == 1 and args[0][0] not in chars:
+ if args and 'dest' in kwargs:
+ raise ValueError('dest supplied twice for positional argument')
+ kwargs = self._get_positional_kwargs(*args, **kwargs)
+
+ # otherwise, we're adding an optional argument
+ else:
+ kwargs = self._get_optional_kwargs(*args, **kwargs)
+
+ # if no default was supplied, use the parser-level default
+ if 'default' not in kwargs:
+ dest = kwargs['dest']
+ if dest in self._defaults:
+ kwargs['default'] = self._defaults[dest]
+ elif self.argument_default is not None:
+ kwargs['default'] = self.argument_default
+
+ # create the action object, and add it to the parser
+ action_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs)
+ if not _callable(action_class):
+ raise ValueError('unknown action "%s"' % action_class)
+ action = action_class(**kwargs)
+
+ # raise an error if the action type is not callable
+ type_func = self._registry_get('type', action.type, action.type)
+ if not _callable(type_func):
+ raise ValueError('%r is not callable' % type_func)
+
+ return self._add_action(action)
+
+ def add_argument_group(self, *args, **kwargs):
+ group = _ArgumentGroup(self, *args, **kwargs)
+ self._action_groups.append(group)
+ return group
+
+ def add_mutually_exclusive_group(self, **kwargs):
+ group = _MutuallyExclusiveGroup(self, **kwargs)
+ self._mutually_exclusive_groups.append(group)
+ return group
+
+ def _add_action(self, action):
+ # resolve any conflicts
+ self._check_conflict(action)
+
+ # add to actions list
+ self._actions.append(action)
+ action.container = self
+
+ # index the action by any option strings it has
+ for option_string in action.option_strings:
+ self._option_string_actions[option_string] = action
+
+ # set the flag if any option strings look like negative numbers
+ for option_string in action.option_strings:
+ if self._negative_number_matcher.match(option_string):
+ if not self._has_negative_number_optionals:
+ self._has_negative_number_optionals.append(True)
+
+ # return the created action
+ return action
+
+ def _remove_action(self, action):
+ self._actions.remove(action)
+
+ def _add_container_actions(self, container):
+ # collect groups by titles
+ title_group_map = {}
+ for group in self._action_groups:
+ if group.title in title_group_map:
+ msg = _('cannot merge actions - two groups are named %r')
+ raise ValueError(msg % (group.title))
+ title_group_map[group.title] = group
+
+ # map each action to its group
+ group_map = {}
+ for group in container._action_groups:
+
+ # if a group with the title exists, use that, otherwise
+ # create a new group matching the container's group
+ if group.title not in title_group_map:
+ title_group_map[group.title] = self.add_argument_group(
+ title=group.title,
+ description=group.description,
+ conflict_handler=group.conflict_handler)
+
+ # map the actions to their new group
+ for action in group._group_actions:
+ group_map[action] = title_group_map[group.title]
+
+ # add container's mutually exclusive groups
+ # NOTE: if add_mutually_exclusive_group ever gains title= and
+ # description= then this code will need to be expanded as above
+ for group in container._mutually_exclusive_groups:
+ mutex_group = self.add_mutually_exclusive_group(
+ required=group.required)
+
+ # map the actions to their new mutex group
+ for action in group._group_actions:
+ group_map[action] = mutex_group
+
+ # add all actions to this container or their group
+ for action in container._actions:
+ group_map.get(action, self)._add_action(action)
+
+ def _get_positional_kwargs(self, dest, **kwargs):
+ # make sure required is not specified
+ if 'required' in kwargs:
+ msg = _("'required' is an invalid argument for positionals")
+ raise TypeError(msg)
+
+ # mark positional arguments as required if at least one is
+ # always required
+ if kwargs.get('nargs') not in [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE]:
+ kwargs['required'] = True
+ if kwargs.get('nargs') == ZERO_OR_MORE and 'default' not in kwargs:
+ kwargs['required'] = True
+
+ # return the keyword arguments with no option strings
+ return dict(kwargs, dest=dest, option_strings=[])
+
+ def _get_optional_kwargs(self, *args, **kwargs):
+ # determine short and long option strings
+ option_strings = []
+ long_option_strings = []
+ for option_string in args:
+ # error on strings that don't start with an appropriate prefix
+ if not option_string[0] in self.prefix_chars:
+ msg = _('invalid option string %r: '
+ 'must start with a character %r')
+ tup = option_string, self.prefix_chars
+ raise ValueError(msg % tup)
+
+ # strings starting with two prefix characters are long options
+ option_strings.append(option_string)
+ if option_string[0] in self.prefix_chars:
+ if len(option_string) > 1:
+ if option_string[1] in self.prefix_chars:
+ long_option_strings.append(option_string)
+
+ # infer destination, '--foo-bar' -> 'foo_bar' and '-x' -> 'x'
+ dest = kwargs.pop('dest', None)
+ if dest is None:
+ if long_option_strings:
+ dest_option_string = long_option_strings[0]
+ else:
+ dest_option_string = option_strings[0]
+ dest = dest_option_string.lstrip(self.prefix_chars)
+ if not dest:
+ msg = _('dest= is required for options like %r')
+ raise ValueError(msg % option_string)
+ dest = dest.replace('-', '_')
+
+ # return the updated keyword arguments
+ return dict(kwargs, dest=dest, option_strings=option_strings)
+
+ def _pop_action_class(self, kwargs, default=None):
+ action = kwargs.pop('action', default)
+ return self._registry_get('action', action, action)
+
+ def _get_handler(self):
+ # determine function from conflict handler string
+ handler_func_name = '_handle_conflict_%s' % self.conflict_handler
+ try:
+ return getattr(self, handler_func_name)
+ except AttributeError:
+ msg = _('invalid conflict_resolution value: %r')
+ raise ValueError(msg % self.conflict_handler)
+
+ def _check_conflict(self, action):
+
+ # find all options that conflict with this option
+ confl_optionals = []
+ for option_string in action.option_strings:
+ if option_string in self._option_string_actions:
+ confl_optional = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
+ confl_optionals.append((option_string, confl_optional))
+
+ # resolve any conflicts
+ if confl_optionals:
+ conflict_handler = self._get_handler()
+ conflict_handler(action, confl_optionals)
+
+ def _handle_conflict_error(self, action, conflicting_actions):
+ message = _('conflicting option string(s): %s')
+ conflict_string = ', '.join([option_string
+ for option_string, action
+ in conflicting_actions])
+ raise ArgumentError(action, message % conflict_string)
+
+ def _handle_conflict_resolve(self, action, conflicting_actions):
+
+ # remove all conflicting options
+ for option_string, action in conflicting_actions:
+
+ # remove the conflicting option
+ action.option_strings.remove(option_string)
+ self._option_string_actions.pop(option_string, None)
+
+ # if the option now has no option string, remove it from the
+ # container holding it
+ if not action.option_strings:
+ action.container._remove_action(action)
+
+
+class _ArgumentGroup(_ActionsContainer):
+
+ def __init__(self, container, title=None, description=None, **kwargs):
+ # add any missing keyword arguments by checking the container
+ update = kwargs.setdefault
+ update('conflict_handler', container.conflict_handler)
+ update('prefix_chars', container.prefix_chars)
+ update('argument_default', container.argument_default)
+ super_init = super(_ArgumentGroup, self).__init__
+ super_init(description=description, **kwargs)
+
+ # group attributes
+ self.title = title
+ self._group_actions = []
+
+ # share most attributes with the container
+ self._registries = container._registries
+ self._actions = container._actions
+ self._option_string_actions = container._option_string_actions
+ self._defaults = container._defaults
+ self._has_negative_number_optionals = \
+ container._has_negative_number_optionals
+
+ def _add_action(self, action):
+ action = super(_ArgumentGroup, self)._add_action(action)
+ self._group_actions.append(action)
+ return action
+
+ def _remove_action(self, action):
+ super(_ArgumentGroup, self)._remove_action(action)
+ self._group_actions.remove(action)
+
+
+class _MutuallyExclusiveGroup(_ArgumentGroup):
+
+ def __init__(self, container, required=False):
+ super(_MutuallyExclusiveGroup, self).__init__(container)
+ self.required = required
+ self._container = container
+
+ def _add_action(self, action):
+ if action.required:
+ msg = _('mutually exclusive arguments must be optional')
+ raise ValueError(msg)
+ action = self._container._add_action(action)
+ self._group_actions.append(action)
+ return action
+
+ def _remove_action(self, action):
+ self._container._remove_action(action)
+ self._group_actions.remove(action)
+
+
+class ArgumentParser(_AttributeHolder, _ActionsContainer):
+ """Object for parsing command line strings into Python objects.
+
+ Keyword Arguments:
+ - prog -- The name of the program (default: sys.argv[0])
+ - usage -- A usage message (default: auto-generated from arguments)
+ - description -- A description of what the program does
+ - epilog -- Text following the argument descriptions
+ - parents -- Parsers whose arguments should be copied into this one
+ - formatter_class -- HelpFormatter class for printing help messages
+ - prefix_chars -- Characters that prefix optional arguments
+ - fromfile_prefix_chars -- Characters that prefix files containing
+ additional arguments
+ - argument_default -- The default value for all arguments
+ - conflict_handler -- String indicating how to handle conflicts
+ - add_help -- Add a -h/-help option
+ """
+
+ def __init__(self,
+ prog=None,
+ usage=None,
+ description=None,
+ epilog=None,
+ version=None,
+ parents=[],
+ formatter_class=HelpFormatter,
+ prefix_chars='-',
+ fromfile_prefix_chars=None,
+ argument_default=None,
+ conflict_handler='error',
+ add_help=True):
+
+ if version is not None:
+ import warnings
+ warnings.warn(
+ """The "version" argument to ArgumentParser is deprecated. """
+ """Please use """
+ """"add_argument(..., action='version', version="N", ...)" """
+ """instead""", DeprecationWarning)
+
+ superinit = super(ArgumentParser, self).__init__
+ superinit(description=description,
+ prefix_chars=prefix_chars,
+ argument_default=argument_default,
+ conflict_handler=conflict_handler)
+
+ # default setting for prog
+ if prog is None:
+ prog = _os.path.basename(_sys.argv[0])
+
+ self.prog = prog
+ self.usage = usage
+ self.epilog = epilog
+ self.version = version
+ self.formatter_class = formatter_class
+ self.fromfile_prefix_chars = fromfile_prefix_chars
+ self.add_help = add_help
+
+ add_group = self.add_argument_group
+ self._positionals = add_group(_('positional arguments'))
+ self._optionals = add_group(_('optional arguments'))
+ self._subparsers = None
+
+ # register types
+ def identity(string):
+ return string
+ self.register('type', None, identity)
+
+ # add help and version arguments if necessary
+ # (using explicit default to override global argument_default)
+ if '-' in prefix_chars:
+ default_prefix = '-'
+ else:
+ default_prefix = prefix_chars[0]
+ if self.add_help:
+ self.add_argument(
+ default_prefix+'h', default_prefix*2+'help',
+ action='help', default=SUPPRESS,
+ help=_('show this help message and exit'))
+ if self.version:
+ self.add_argument(
+ default_prefix+'v', default_prefix*2+'version',
+ action='version', default=SUPPRESS,
+ version=self.version,
+ help=_("show program's version number and exit"))
+
+ # add parent arguments and defaults
+ for parent in parents:
+ self._add_container_actions(parent)
+ try:
+ defaults = parent._defaults
+ except AttributeError:
+ pass
+ else:
+ self._defaults.update(defaults)
+
+ # =======================
+ # Pretty __repr__ methods
+ # =======================
+ def _get_kwargs(self):
+ names = [
+ 'prog',
+ 'usage',
+ 'description',
+ 'version',
+ 'formatter_class',
+ 'conflict_handler',
+ 'add_help',
+ ]
+ return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in names]
+
+ # ==================================
+ # Optional/Positional adding methods
+ # ==================================
+ def add_subparsers(self, **kwargs):
+ if self._subparsers is not None:
+ self.error(_('cannot have multiple subparser arguments'))
+
+ # add the parser class to the arguments if it's not present
+ kwargs.setdefault('parser_class', type(self))
+
+ if 'title' in kwargs or 'description' in kwargs:
+ title = _(kwargs.pop('title', 'subcommands'))
+ description = _(kwargs.pop('description', None))
+ self._subparsers = self.add_argument_group(title, description)
+ else:
+ self._subparsers = self._positionals
+
+ # prog defaults to the usage message of this parser, skipping
+ # optional arguments and with no "usage:" prefix
+ if kwargs.get('prog') is None:
+ formatter = self._get_formatter()
+ positionals = self._get_positional_actions()
+ groups = self._mutually_exclusive_groups
+ formatter.add_usage(self.usage, positionals, groups, '')
+ kwargs['prog'] = formatter.format_help().strip()
+
+ # create the parsers action and add it to the positionals list
+ parsers_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs, 'parsers')
+ action = parsers_class(option_strings=[], **kwargs)
+ self._subparsers._add_action(action)
+
+ # return the created parsers action
+ return action
+
+ def _add_action(self, action):
+ if action.option_strings:
+ self._optionals._add_action(action)
+ else:
+ self._positionals._add_action(action)
+ return action
+
+ def _get_optional_actions(self):
+ return [action
+ for action in self._actions
+ if action.option_strings]
+
+ def _get_positional_actions(self):
+ return [action
+ for action in self._actions
+ if not action.option_strings]
+
+ # =====================================
+ # Command line argument parsing methods
+ # =====================================
+ def parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
+ args, argv = self.parse_known_args(args, namespace)
+ if argv:
+ msg = _('unrecognized arguments: %s')
+ self.error(msg % ' '.join(argv))
+ return args
+
+ def parse_known_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
+ # args default to the system args
+ if args is None:
+ args = _sys.argv[1:]
+
+ # default Namespace built from parser defaults
+ if namespace is None:
+ namespace = Namespace()
+
+ # add any action defaults that aren't present
+ for action in self._actions:
+ if action.dest is not SUPPRESS:
+ if not hasattr(namespace, action.dest):
+ if action.default is not SUPPRESS:
+ default = action.default
+ if isinstance(action.default, basestring):
+ default = self._get_value(action, default)
+ setattr(namespace, action.dest, default)
+
+ # add any parser defaults that aren't present
+ for dest in self._defaults:
+ if not hasattr(namespace, dest):
+ setattr(namespace, dest, self._defaults[dest])
+
+ # parse the arguments and exit if there are any errors
+ try:
+ namespace, args = self._parse_known_args(args, namespace)
+ if hasattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR):
+ args.extend(getattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR))
+ delattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR)
+ return namespace, args
+ except ArgumentError:
+ err = _sys.exc_info()[1]
+ self.error(str(err))
+
+ def _parse_known_args(self, arg_strings, namespace):
+ # replace arg strings that are file references
+ if self.fromfile_prefix_chars is not None:
+ arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings)
+
+ # map all mutually exclusive arguments to the other arguments
+ # they can't occur with
+ action_conflicts = {}
+ for mutex_group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups:
+ group_actions = mutex_group._group_actions
+ for i, mutex_action in enumerate(mutex_group._group_actions):
+ conflicts = action_conflicts.setdefault(mutex_action, [])
+ conflicts.extend(group_actions[:i])
+ conflicts.extend(group_actions[i + 1:])
+
+ # find all option indices, and determine the arg_string_pattern
+ # which has an 'O' if there is an option at an index,
+ # an 'A' if there is an argument, or a '-' if there is a '--'
+ option_string_indices = {}
+ arg_string_pattern_parts = []
+ arg_strings_iter = iter(arg_strings)
+ for i, arg_string in enumerate(arg_strings_iter):
+
+ # all args after -- are non-options
+ if arg_string == '--':
+ arg_string_pattern_parts.append('-')
+ for arg_string in arg_strings_iter:
+ arg_string_pattern_parts.append('A')
+
+ # otherwise, add the arg to the arg strings
+ # and note the index if it was an option
+ else:
+ option_tuple = self._parse_optional(arg_string)
+ if option_tuple is None:
+ pattern = 'A'
+ else:
+ option_string_indices[i] = option_tuple
+ pattern = 'O'
+ arg_string_pattern_parts.append(pattern)
+
+ # join the pieces together to form the pattern
+ arg_strings_pattern = ''.join(arg_string_pattern_parts)
+
+ # converts arg strings to the appropriate and then takes the action
+ seen_actions = set()
+ seen_non_default_actions = set()
+
+ def take_action(action, argument_strings, option_string=None):
+ seen_actions.add(action)
+ argument_values = self._get_values(action, argument_strings)
+
+ # error if this argument is not allowed with other previously
+ # seen arguments, assuming that actions that use the default
+ # value don't really count as "present"
+ if argument_values is not action.default:
+ seen_non_default_actions.add(action)
+ for conflict_action in action_conflicts.get(action, []):
+ if conflict_action in seen_non_default_actions:
+ msg = _('not allowed with argument %s')
+ action_name = _get_action_name(conflict_action)
+ raise ArgumentError(action, msg % action_name)
+
+ # take the action if we didn't receive a SUPPRESS value
+ # (e.g. from a default)
+ if argument_values is not SUPPRESS:
+ action(self, namespace, argument_values, option_string)
+
+ # function to convert arg_strings into an optional action
+ def consume_optional(start_index):
+
+ # get the optional identified at this index
+ option_tuple = option_string_indices[start_index]
+ action, option_string, explicit_arg = option_tuple
+
+ # identify additional optionals in the same arg string
+ # (e.g. -xyz is the same as -x -y -z if no args are required)
+ match_argument = self._match_argument
+ action_tuples = []
+ while True:
+
+ # if we found no optional action, skip it
+ if action is None:
+ extras.append(arg_strings[start_index])
+ return start_index + 1
+
+ # if there is an explicit argument, try to match the
+ # optional's string arguments to only this
+ if explicit_arg is not None:
+ arg_count = match_argument(action, 'A')
+
+ # if the action is a single-dash option and takes no
+ # arguments, try to parse more single-dash options out
+ # of the tail of the option string
+ chars = self.prefix_chars
+ if arg_count == 0 and option_string[1] not in chars:
+ action_tuples.append((action, [], option_string))
+ char = option_string[0]
+ option_string = char + explicit_arg[0]
+ new_explicit_arg = explicit_arg[1:] or None
+ optionals_map = self._option_string_actions
+ if option_string in optionals_map:
+ action = optionals_map[option_string]
+ explicit_arg = new_explicit_arg
+ else:
+ msg = _('ignored explicit argument %r')
+ raise ArgumentError(action, msg % explicit_arg)
+
+ # if the action expect exactly one argument, we've
+ # successfully matched the option; exit the loop
+ elif arg_count == 1:
+ stop = start_index + 1
+ args = [explicit_arg]
+ action_tuples.append((action, args, option_string))
+ break
+
+ # error if a double-dash option did not use the
+ # explicit argument
+ else:
+ msg = _('ignored explicit argument %r')
+ raise ArgumentError(action, msg % explicit_arg)
+
+ # if there is no explicit argument, try to match the
+ # optional's string arguments with the following strings
+ # if successful, exit the loop
+ else:
+ start = start_index + 1
+ selected_patterns = arg_strings_pattern[start:]
+ arg_count = match_argument(action, selected_patterns)
+ stop = start + arg_count
+ args = arg_strings[start:stop]
+ action_tuples.append((action, args, option_string))
+ break
+
+ # add the Optional to the list and return the index at which
+ # the Optional's string args stopped
+ assert action_tuples
+ for action, args, option_string in action_tuples:
+ take_action(action, args, option_string)
+ return stop
+
+ # the list of Positionals left to be parsed; this is modified
+ # by consume_positionals()
+ positionals = self._get_positional_actions()
+
+ # function to convert arg_strings into positional actions
+ def consume_positionals(start_index):
+ # match as many Positionals as possible
+ match_partial = self._match_arguments_partial
+ selected_pattern = arg_strings_pattern[start_index:]
+ arg_counts = match_partial(positionals, selected_pattern)
+
+ # slice off the appropriate arg strings for each Positional
+ # and add the Positional and its args to the list
+ for action, arg_count in zip(positionals, arg_counts):
+ args = arg_strings[start_index: start_index + arg_count]
+ start_index += arg_count
+ take_action(action, args)
+
+ # slice off the Positionals that we just parsed and return the
+ # index at which the Positionals' string args stopped
+ positionals[:] = positionals[len(arg_counts):]
+ return start_index
+
+ # consume Positionals and Optionals alternately, until we have
+ # passed the last option string
+ extras = []
+ start_index = 0
+ if option_string_indices:
+ max_option_string_index = max(option_string_indices)
+ else:
+ max_option_string_index = -1
+ while start_index <= max_option_string_index:
+
+ # consume any Positionals preceding the next option
+ next_option_string_index = min([
+ index
+ for index in option_string_indices
+ if index >= start_index])
+ if start_index != next_option_string_index:
+ positionals_end_index = consume_positionals(start_index)
+
+ # only try to parse the next optional if we didn't consume
+ # the option string during the positionals parsing
+ if positionals_end_index > start_index:
+ start_index = positionals_end_index
+ continue
+ else:
+ start_index = positionals_end_index
+
+ # if we consumed all the positionals we could and we're not
+ # at the index of an option string, there were extra arguments
+ if start_index not in option_string_indices:
+ strings = arg_strings[start_index:next_option_string_index]
+ extras.extend(strings)
+ start_index = next_option_string_index
+
+ # consume the next optional and any arguments for it
+ start_index = consume_optional(start_index)
+
+ # consume any positionals following the last Optional
+ stop_index = consume_positionals(start_index)
+
+ # if we didn't consume all the argument strings, there were extras
+ extras.extend(arg_strings[stop_index:])
+
+ # if we didn't use all the Positional objects, there were too few
+ # arg strings supplied.
+ if positionals:
+ self.error(_('too few arguments'))
+
+ # make sure all required actions were present
+ for action in self._actions:
+ if action.required:
+ if action not in seen_actions:
+ name = _get_action_name(action)
+ self.error(_('argument %s is required') % name)
+
+ # make sure all required groups had one option present
+ for group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups:
+ if group.required:
+ for action in group._group_actions:
+ if action in seen_non_default_actions:
+ break
+
+ # if no actions were used, report the error
+ else:
+ names = [_get_action_name(action)
+ for action in group._group_actions
+ if action.help is not SUPPRESS]
+ msg = _('one of the arguments %s is required')
+ self.error(msg % ' '.join(names))
+
+ # return the updated namespace and the extra arguments
+ return namespace, extras
+
+ def _read_args_from_files(self, arg_strings):
+ # expand arguments referencing files
+ new_arg_strings = []
+ for arg_string in arg_strings:
+
+ # for regular arguments, just add them back into the list
+ if arg_string[0] not in self.fromfile_prefix_chars:
+ new_arg_strings.append(arg_string)
+
+ # replace arguments referencing files with the file content
+ else:
+ try:
+ args_file = open(arg_string[1:])
+ try:
+ arg_strings = []
+ for arg_line in args_file.read().splitlines():
+ for arg in self.convert_arg_line_to_args(arg_line):
+ arg_strings.append(arg)
+ arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings)
+ new_arg_strings.extend(arg_strings)
+ finally:
+ args_file.close()
+ except IOError:
+ err = _sys.exc_info()[1]
+ self.error(str(err))
+
+ # return the modified argument list
+ return new_arg_strings
+
+ def convert_arg_line_to_args(self, arg_line):
+ return [arg_line]
+
+ def _match_argument(self, action, arg_strings_pattern):
+ # match the pattern for this action to the arg strings
+ nargs_pattern = self._get_nargs_pattern(action)
+ match = _re.match(nargs_pattern, arg_strings_pattern)
+
+ # raise an exception if we weren't able to find a match
+ if match is None:
+ nargs_errors = {
+ None: _('expected one argument'),
+ OPTIONAL: _('expected at most one argument'),
+ ONE_OR_MORE: _('expected at least one argument'),
+ }
+ default = _('expected %s argument(s)') % action.nargs
+ msg = nargs_errors.get(action.nargs, default)
+ raise ArgumentError(action, msg)
+
+ # return the number of arguments matched
+ return len(match.group(1))
+
+ def _match_arguments_partial(self, actions, arg_strings_pattern):
+ # progressively shorten the actions list by slicing off the
+ # final actions until we find a match
+ result = []
+ for i in range(len(actions), 0, -1):
+ actions_slice = actions[:i]
+ pattern = ''.join([self._get_nargs_pattern(action)
+ for action in actions_slice])
+ match = _re.match(pattern, arg_strings_pattern)
+ if match is not None:
+ result.extend([len(string) for string in match.groups()])
+ break
+
+ # return the list of arg string counts
+ return result
+
+ def _parse_optional(self, arg_string):
+ # if it's an empty string, it was meant to be a positional
+ if not arg_string:
+ return None
+
+ # if it doesn't start with a prefix, it was meant to be positional
+ if not arg_string[0] in self.prefix_chars:
+ return None
+
+ # if the option string is present in the parser, return the action
+ if arg_string in self._option_string_actions:
+ action = self._option_string_actions[arg_string]
+ return action, arg_string, None
+
+ # if it's just a single character, it was meant to be positional
+ if len(arg_string) == 1:
+ return None
+
+ # if the option string before the "=" is present, return the action
+ if '=' in arg_string:
+ option_string, explicit_arg = arg_string.split('=', 1)
+ if option_string in self._option_string_actions:
+ action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
+ return action, option_string, explicit_arg
+
+ # search through all possible prefixes of the option string
+ # and all actions in the parser for possible interpretations
+ option_tuples = self._get_option_tuples(arg_string)
+
+ # if multiple actions match, the option string was ambiguous
+ if len(option_tuples) > 1:
+ options = ', '.join([option_string
+ for action, option_string, explicit_arg in option_tuples])
+ tup = arg_string, options
+ self.error(_('ambiguous option: %s could match %s') % tup)
+
+ # if exactly one action matched, this segmentation is good,
+ # so return the parsed action
+ elif len(option_tuples) == 1:
+ option_tuple, = option_tuples
+ return option_tuple
+
+ # if it was not found as an option, but it looks like a negative
+ # number, it was meant to be positional
+ # unless there are negative-number-like options
+ if self._negative_number_matcher.match(arg_string):
+ if not self._has_negative_number_optionals:
+ return None
+
+ # if it contains a space, it was meant to be a positional
+ if ' ' in arg_string:
+ return None
+
+ # it was meant to be an optional but there is no such option
+ # in this parser (though it might be a valid option in a subparser)
+ return None, arg_string, None
+
+ def _get_option_tuples(self, option_string):
+ result = []
+
+ # option strings starting with two prefix characters are only
+ # split at the '='
+ chars = self.prefix_chars
+ if option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] in chars:
+ if '=' in option_string:
+ option_prefix, explicit_arg = option_string.split('=', 1)
+ else:
+ option_prefix = option_string
+ explicit_arg = None
+ for option_string in self._option_string_actions:
+ if option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
+ action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
+ tup = action, option_string, explicit_arg
+ result.append(tup)
+
+ # single character options can be concatenated with their arguments
+ # but multiple character options always have to have their argument
+ # separate
+ elif option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] not in chars:
+ option_prefix = option_string
+ explicit_arg = None
+ short_option_prefix = option_string[:2]
+ short_explicit_arg = option_string[2:]
+
+ for option_string in self._option_string_actions:
+ if option_string == short_option_prefix:
+ action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
+ tup = action, option_string, short_explicit_arg
+ result.append(tup)
+ elif option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
+ action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
+ tup = action, option_string, explicit_arg
+ result.append(tup)
+
+ # shouldn't ever get here
+ else:
+ self.error(_('unexpected option string: %s') % option_string)
+
+ # return the collected option tuples
+ return result
+
+ def _get_nargs_pattern(self, action):
+ # in all examples below, we have to allow for '--' args
+ # which are represented as '-' in the pattern
+ nargs = action.nargs
+
+ # the default (None) is assumed to be a single argument
+ if nargs is None:
+ nargs_pattern = '(-*A-*)'
+
+ # allow zero or one arguments
+ elif nargs == OPTIONAL:
+ nargs_pattern = '(-*A?-*)'
+
+ # allow zero or more arguments
+ elif nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE:
+ nargs_pattern = '(-*[A-]*)'
+
+ # allow one or more arguments
+ elif nargs == ONE_OR_MORE:
+ nargs_pattern = '(-*A[A-]*)'
+
+ # allow any number of options or arguments
+ elif nargs == REMAINDER:
+ nargs_pattern = '([-AO]*)'
+
+ # allow one argument followed by any number of options or arguments
+ elif nargs == PARSER:
+ nargs_pattern = '(-*A[-AO]*)'
+
+ # all others should be integers
+ else:
+ nargs_pattern = '(-*%s-*)' % '-*'.join('A' * nargs)
+
+ # if this is an optional action, -- is not allowed
+ if action.option_strings:
+ nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace('-*', '')
+ nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace('-', '')
+
+ # return the pattern
+ return nargs_pattern
+
+ # ========================
+ # Value conversion methods
+ # ========================
+ def _get_values(self, action, arg_strings):
+ # for everything but PARSER args, strip out '--'
+ if action.nargs not in [PARSER, REMAINDER]:
+ arg_strings = [s for s in arg_strings if s != '--']
+
+ # optional argument produces a default when not present
+ if not arg_strings and action.nargs == OPTIONAL:
+ if action.option_strings:
+ value = action.const
+ else:
+ value = action.default
+ if isinstance(value, basestring):
+ value = self._get_value(action, value)
+ self._check_value(action, value)
+
+ # when nargs='*' on a positional, if there were no command-line
+ # args, use the default if it is anything other than None
+ elif (not arg_strings and action.nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE and
+ not action.option_strings):
+ if action.default is not None:
+ value = action.default
+ else:
+ value = arg_strings
+ self._check_value(action, value)
+
+ # single argument or optional argument produces a single value
+ elif len(arg_strings) == 1 and action.nargs in [None, OPTIONAL]:
+ arg_string, = arg_strings
+ value = self._get_value(action, arg_string)
+ self._check_value(action, value)
+
+ # REMAINDER arguments convert all values, checking none
+ elif action.nargs == REMAINDER:
+ value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings]
+
+ # PARSER arguments convert all values, but check only the first
+ elif action.nargs == PARSER:
+ value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings]
+ self._check_value(action, value[0])
+
+ # all other types of nargs produce a list
+ else:
+ value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings]
+ for v in value:
+ self._check_value(action, v)
+
+ # return the converted value
+ return value
+
+ def _get_value(self, action, arg_string):
+ type_func = self._registry_get('type', action.type, action.type)
+ if not _callable(type_func):
+ msg = _('%r is not callable')
+ raise ArgumentError(action, msg % type_func)
+
+ # convert the value to the appropriate type
+ try:
+ result = type_func(arg_string)
+
+ # ArgumentTypeErrors indicate errors
+ except ArgumentTypeError:
+ name = getattr(action.type, '__name__', repr(action.type))
+ msg = str(_sys.exc_info()[1])
+ raise ArgumentError(action, msg)
+
+ # TypeErrors or ValueErrors also indicate errors
+ except (TypeError, ValueError):
+ name = getattr(action.type, '__name__', repr(action.type))
+ msg = _('invalid %s value: %r')
+ raise ArgumentError(action, msg % (name, arg_string))
+
+ # return the converted value
+ return result
+
+ def _check_value(self, action, value):
+ # converted value must be one of the choices (if specified)
+ if action.choices is not None and value not in action.choices:
+ tup = value, ', '.join(map(repr, action.choices))
+ msg = _('invalid choice: %r (choose from %s)') % tup
+ raise ArgumentError(action, msg)
+
+ # =======================
+ # Help-formatting methods
+ # =======================
+ def format_usage(self):
+ formatter = self._get_formatter()
+ formatter.add_usage(self.usage, self._actions,
+ self._mutually_exclusive_groups)
+ return formatter.format_help()
+
+ def format_help(self):
+ formatter = self._get_formatter()
+
+ # usage
+ formatter.add_usage(self.usage, self._actions,
+ self._mutually_exclusive_groups)
+
+ # description
+ formatter.add_text(self.description)
+
+ # positionals, optionals and user-defined groups
+ for action_group in self._action_groups:
+ formatter.start_section(action_group.title)
+ formatter.add_text(action_group.description)
+ formatter.add_arguments(action_group._group_actions)
+ formatter.end_section()
+
+ # epilog
+ formatter.add_text(self.epilog)
+
+ # determine help from format above
+ return formatter.format_help()
+
+ def format_version(self):
+ import warnings
+ warnings.warn(
+ 'The format_version method is deprecated -- the "version" '
+ 'argument to ArgumentParser is no longer supported.',
+ DeprecationWarning)
+ formatter = self._get_formatter()
+ formatter.add_text(self.version)
+ return formatter.format_help()
+
+ def _get_formatter(self):
+ return self.formatter_class(prog=self.prog)
+
+ # =====================
+ # Help-printing methods
+ # =====================
+ def print_usage(self, file=None):
+ if file is None:
+ file = _sys.stdout
+ self._print_message(self.format_usage(), file)
+
+ def print_help(self, file=None):
+ if file is None:
+ file = _sys.stdout
+ self._print_message(self.format_help(), file)
+
+ def print_version(self, file=None):
+ import warnings
+ warnings.warn(
+ 'The print_version method is deprecated -- the "version" '
+ 'argument to ArgumentParser is no longer supported.',
+ DeprecationWarning)
+ self._print_message(self.format_version(), file)
+
+ def _print_message(self, message, file=None):
+ if message:
+ if file is None:
+ file = _sys.stderr
+ file.write(message)
+
+ # ===============
+ # Exiting methods
+ # ===============
+ def exit(self, status=0, message=None):
+ if message:
+ self._print_message(message, _sys.stderr)
+ _sys.exit(status)
+
+ def error(self, message):
+ """error(message: string)
+
+ Prints a usage message incorporating the message to stderr and
+ exits.
+
+ If you override this in a subclass, it should not return -- it
+ should either exit or raise an exception.
+ """
+ self.print_usage(_sys.stderr)
+ self.exit(2, _('%s: error: %s\n') % (self.prog, message))
projects / pywienerlinien / commitdiff